Auxiliary Material Submission for Paper 2007PA001473 Magnetofossil spike during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum Robert E. Kopp (California Institute of Technology), Timothy D. Raub (Yale University), Dirk Schumann (McGill University), Hojatollah Vali (McGill University), Alexei V. Smirnov (Yale University), and Joseph L. Kirschvink (California Institute of Technology) Paleoceanography, in review Introduction This auxiliary material contains the results of FMR, rock magnetic, electron diffraction, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses of the Ancora core and also discusses the methods and implications of a paleogeographic re-interpretation of initial Eocene New Jersey. FMR parameters for samples from the core are presented in Table S1 ("2007pa001473-tableS1-sampledata.txt"). Remanent magnetization experiments are discussed in "2007pa001473-tex1-RemnanentAndFORC.tex" and results presented in Table S1, Figure S1 ("2007pa001473-figS1-AncoraRmgProfiles.eps"), Figure S2 ("2007pa001473-figS2-AncoraCoercivity.eps"), and Figure S3 ("2007pa001473-figS3-AncoraARM.eps"). FORC analyses are described in "2007pa001473-tex1-RemnanentAndFORC.tex", and a FORC distribution for one PETM clay sample is plotted in Figure S4 ("2007pa001473-figS4-Anc556-FORC.eps"). An electron diffraction pattern and an EDS spectrum for one PETM clay sample is presented in Figure S5 ("2007pa001473-figS5-Anc559-HRTEMandEDS.eps"). The paleogeographic analysis is discussed in "2007pa001473-tex2-Paleogeography.tex". Parameters used in the analysis are presented in Table S2 ("2007pa001473-tableS2-poleparameters.txt"). Paleolatitudes are presented in Table S3 ("2007pa001473-tableS3-paleolatitudes.txt"). 1. 2007pa001473-tex1-RemnanentAndFORC.tex describes the methods and results of remanent magnetization (alternating field, isothermal remanent magnetization, and anhysteretic remanent magnetization) and First Order Reversal Curve (FORC) analyses. The file is marked up in TeX. 2. 2007pa001473-tex2-Paleogeography.tex discusses our paleogeographic reconstruction of initial Eocene New Jersey, using the Faroe Islands flood basalt pole of Riisager et al. [2002]. The file is marked up in TeX. 3. 2007pa001473-tableS1-sampledata.txt Table S1. FMR and rock magnetic parameters for upper Paleocene to lower Eocene strata, ODP Leg 174AX, Ancora, New Jersey. FMR parameters are also presented in Figure 2, and rock magnetic parameters are also presented in Figure S1. 3.1 Column "ft", feet, depth of sample. 3.2 Column "depth", meters, depth of sample. 3.3 Column "desc", description on sample, based on age, lithology, and FMR traits. 3.4 Column "abs", arbitary units, total FMR absorption 3.5 Column "geff", effective g factor of absorption peak 3.6 Column "A", FMR asymmetry ratio A 3.7 Column "dBFWHM", mT, FMR full-width at half-maximum (in mT) 3.8 Column "alpha", empirical FMR discriminant factor alpha 3.9 Column "sIRM", Am^2/kg, IRM determined after 350 mT pulse, "null" for samples not measured 3.10 Column "Bcr", mT, coercivity of remanence, determined from the intersection of the IRM acquisition and demagnetization curves, "null" for samples not measured 3.11 Column "chi_ARMtoIRM", m/A, ratio of ARM susceptibility (assessed in 100 mT AF field and 0.1 mT DC biasing field) to IRM acquired in 100 mT field, "null" for samples not measured 4. 2007pa001473-tableS2-poleparameters.txt Table S2. Parameters for applying Paleocene-Eocene Faroe Islands paleomagnetic pole to North America. 4.1 Column "using", description of site or pole 4.2 Column "latitude", degrees, latitude 4.3 Column "longitude", degrees, longitude 4.4 Column "A95", degrees, A95 error angle 4.5 Column "rotation_angle", degrees, rotation angle 4.6 Column "reference", source reference 5. 2007pa001473-tableS3-paleolatitudes.txt Table S3. Ancora, New Jersey, paleolatitudes and facing directions for Faroe Islands volcanics and synthetic APWP poles 5.1 Column "reference_pole", reference pole 5.2 Column "pole_lat", degrees, pole latitude 5.3 Column "pole_long", degrees, pole longitude 5.4 Column "A95", degees, A95 error angle, "null" where not determined 5.5 Column "paleolat_mean", degrees, mean estimated paleolatitude 5.6 Column "paleolat_confint_lowerrange", degrees, lower range of confidence interval on estimated paleolatitude, "null" where A95 is not determined 5.7 Column "paleolat_confint_upperrange", degrees, upper range of confidence interval on estimated paleolatitude, "null" where A95 is not determined 5.8 Column "facing", degrees, facing angle 5.9 Column "reference", source reference 6. 2007pa001473-figS1-AncoraRmgProfiles.eps Figure S1. Fine quartz sand fraction, $\delta^{13}C_{inorganic}$, total FMR absorption, rock magnetic parameters, and IRM acquisition coercivity spectra for upper Paleocene to lower Eocene strata, ODP Leg 174AX, Ancora, New Jersey. Maximum IRM was imparted in a 350 mT field. Coercivity of remanence Bcr was determined from the intersection of IRM acquisition and demagnetization curves [Cisowski, 1981]. $\chi_{ARM}/IRM$ is the ratio of ARM susceptibility determined in a 100 mT alternating field and a 0.1 mT DC biasing field to IRM acquired in 100 mT field. Left edges of coercivity spectra align with drillcore depth. 7. 2007pa001473-figS2-AncoraCoercivity.eps Figure S2. Coercivity spectra from Ancora samples in late Paleocene silt, PETM clay, and early Eocene silt, determined from the derivative of IRM acquisition curves. Coercivity spectra for late Paleocene and early Eocene silt samples are exaggerated by a factor of 10. 8. 2007pa001473-figS3-AncoraARM.eps Figure S3. ARM acquisition curves for Ancora samples in late Paleocene silt, PETM clay, and early Eocene silt, determined in a 100 mT alternating field. The upper dotted line shows the reference curve of the magnetotactic bacterium Magnetospirillium magneticum AMB-1, while the lower dotted line shows the reference curve for highly interacting single domain magnetite in a chiton tooth. 9. 2007pa001473-figS4-Anc556-FORC.eps Figure S4. First-order reversal curve (FORC) distribution for an Ancora sample at 169.53 m. The distribution suggests the presence of stable single-domain magnetic particles (magnetofossils) with a unimodal grain-size distribution and weak between-chain or between-particle magnetic interactions. The color legend shows the distribution density. The smoothing factor SF = 2. The plot on the right shows a normalized vertical profile through the distribution maximum at 21.7 mT (dashed line). The mean half-width field $H_{u1/2} = 4.7$ mT. 10. 2007pa001473-figS5-Anc559-HRTEMandEDS.tif Figure S5. (a) Diffraction pattern and (b) energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the particle shown in Figure 4d. (a) shows the spacing of 0.485 nm and 0.420 nm corresponding to the {111} and {200} planes of the magnetite, respectively. (b) demonstrates that the crystals are dominantly composed of iron and oxygen. Copper peaks result from the Cu TEM grid on which the sample was mounted. Traces of aluminium and silicon are likely from clay particles adsorbed onto the magnetite crystals. References Besse, J., and V. Courtillot (2002), Apparent and true polar wander and the geometry of the geomagnetic field over the last 200 Myr, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 2300, doi:2310.1029/2000JB000050. Chen, A. P., R. Egli, and B. M. Moskowitz (in press), First-order Reversal Curve (FORC) diagrams of natural and cultured biogenic magnetic particles, J. Geophys. Res., doi:10.1029/2006JB004575. 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