Aufbau und Temperatur der Stratosphäre

Abstract

Investigations on the structure of the stratosphere during the last years have completely changed our view. LINDEMAN-DOBSON have used observations of meteors to get new results; new results on the temperature of the stratosphere have been calculated considering the layer of ozone. The spectrum of the aurora polaris makes it clear that there must be nitrogen in the atmosphere up to heights of some 100 km and also oxygen must be present up to such heights, perhaps in an decreasing amount. No lines of hydrogen or helium have been observed. MARIS and EPSTEIN find by calculations that the atmosphere needs very long time to restore diffusion equilibrium if mixed. Finally PETERSEN has calculated that a gas which originates at the surface of the earth and leaves the atmosphere at the top, possibly according to the theory of JEANS, must form a considerable smaller fraction of the atmosphere in great heights than in the case of diffusion equilibrium. So we will not have large amounts of Helium or hydrogen at any height.