Grossman‐Ponemon, Benjamin E. and Heimisson, Elías R. and Lew, Adrian J. and Segall, Paul (2020) Logarithmic Growth of Dikes From a Depressurizing Magma Chamber. Geophysical Research Letters, 47 (4). Art. No. e2019GL086230. ISSN 0094-8276. doi:10.1029/2019gl086230. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200408-134030103
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Abstract
Dike propagation is an intrinsically multiphase problem, where deformation and fluid flow are intricately coupled in a fracture process. Here we perform the first fully coupled simulations of dike propagation in two dimensions, accounting for depressurization of a circular magma chamber, dynamic fluid flow, fracture formation, and elastic deformation. Despite the complexity of the governing equations, we observe that the lengthening is well explained by a simple model a(t) = c₁ log(1 + t/c₂), where is the dike length, is time, and c₁ and c₂ are constants. We compare the model to seismic data from eight dikes in Iceland and Ethiopia, and, in spite of the assumption of plane strain, we find good agreement between the data and the model. In addition, we derive an approximate model for the depressurization of the chamber with the dike length. These models may help forecast the growth of lateral dikes and magma chamber depressurization.
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| Additional Information: | © 2020 American Geophysical Union. Received 12 NOV 2019; Accepted 4 FEB 2020; Accepted article online 10 FEB 2020. E. R. H. was supported by NASA under the NESSF Program—Grant NNX16AO40H. P. S. and E. R. H were supported by NASA ROSES ESI—Grant NNX16AN08G. A. J. L. and B. E. G. P. were supported by NSF CMMI‐1662452. B. E. G. P. and E. R. H. contributed equally to this work. E. R. H. was responsible for running simulations, and B. E. G. P. for code development and implementing the numerical approach. We thank Cynthia Ebinger and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive remarks. All data in this study are shown in Figure 5 and are found in Belachew et al. (2011), Brandsdóttir and Einarsson (1979), Einarsson and Brandsdóttir (1980), and Tepp et al. (2016). | ||||||||
| Group: | Seismological Laboratory | ||||||||
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| Subject Keywords: | dike propagation; FEM simulations; hydraulic fractures; magma chambers; eruption forecasting; natural hazards | ||||||||
| Issue or Number: | 4 | ||||||||
| DOI: | 10.1029/2019gl086230 | ||||||||
| Record Number: | CaltechAUTHORS:20200408-134030103 | ||||||||
| Persistent URL: | https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200408-134030103 | ||||||||
| Official Citation: | Grossman‐Ponemon, B. E., Heimisson, E. R., Lew, A. J., & Segall, P. (2020). Logarithmic growth of dikes from a depressurizing magma chamber. Geophysical Research Letters, 47, e2019GL086230. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL086230 | ||||||||
| Usage Policy: | No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided. | ||||||||
| ID Code: | 102407 | ||||||||
| Collection: | CaltechAUTHORS | ||||||||
| Deposited By: | Tony Diaz | ||||||||
| Deposited On: | 08 Apr 2020 20:50 | ||||||||
| Last Modified: | 16 Nov 2021 18:11 |
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