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M. and Williams, D. and Willis, J. L. and Willke, B. and Winkler, W. and Wipf, C. C. and Wittel, H. and Woan, G. and Woehler, J. and Wofford, J. K. and Wong, C. and Wright, J. L. and Wu, D. S. and Wysocki, D. M. and Xiao, L. and Yamamoto, H. and Yang, L. and Yang, Y. and Yang, Z. and Yap, M. J. and Yazback, M. and Yeeles, D. W. and Yu, Hang and Yu, Haocun and Yuen, S. H. R. and Zadrożny, A. K. and Zadrożny, A. and Zanolin, M. and Zelenova, T. and Zendri, J.-P. and Zevin, M. and Zhang, J. and Zhang, L. and Zhang, T. and Zhao, C. and Zhao, G. and Zhou, M. and Zhou, Z. and Zhu, X. J. and Zimmerman, A. B. and Zucker, M. E. and Zweizig, J. (2020) GW190814: Gravitational Waves from the Coalescence of a 23 Solar Mass Black Hole with a 2.6 Solar Mass Compact Object. Astrophysical Journal Letters, 896 (2). Art. No. L44. ISSN 2041-8213. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab960f. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200624-093131998
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Abstract
We report the observation of a compact binary coalescence involving a 22.2–24.3 M_⊙ black hole and a compact object with a mass of 2.50–2.67 M_⊙ (all measurements quoted at the 90% credible level). The gravitational-wave signal, GW190814, was observed during LIGO's and Virgo's third observing run on 2019 August 14 at 21:10:39 UTC and has a signal-to-noise ratio of 25 in the three-detector network. The source was localized to 18.5 deg² at a distance of 241_(-45)^(+41) Mpc; no electromagnetic counterpart has been confirmed to date. The source has the most unequal mass ratio yet measured with gravitational waves, 0.112_(-0.009)^(+0.008), and its secondary component is either the lightest black hole or the heaviest neutron star ever discovered in a double compact-object system. The dimensionless spin of the primary black hole is tightly constrained to ≤ 0.07. Tests of general relativity reveal no measurable deviations from the theory, and its prediction of higher-multipole emission is confirmed at high confidence. We estimate a merger rate density of 1–23 Gpc⁻³ yr⁻¹ for the new class of binary coalescence sources that GW190814 represents. Astrophysical models predict that binaries with mass ratios similar to this event can form through several channels, but are unlikely to have formed in globular clusters. However, the combination of mass ratio, component masses, and the inferred merger rate for this event challenges all current models of the formation and mass distribution of compact-object binaries.
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Alternate Title: | GW190814: Gravitational Waves from the Coalescence of a 23 M⊙ Black Hole with a 2.6 M⊙ Compact Object | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Additional Information: | © 2020. The American Astronomical Society. Received 2020 May 2; revised 2020 May 21; accepted 2020 May 22; published 2020 June 23. Segments of data containing the signal from all three interferometers, and samples from the posterior distributions for the source parameters, are available from the Gravitational Wave Open Science Center (https://doi.org/10.7935/zzw5-ak90). The software packages used in our analysis are open source. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the United States National Science Foundation (NSF) for the construction and operation of the LIGO Laboratory and Advanced LIGO as well as the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) of the United Kingdom, the Max-Planck-Society (MPS), and the State of Niedersachsen/Germany for support of the construction of Advanced LIGO and construction and operation of the GEO600 detector. Additional support for Advanced LIGO was provided by the Australian Research Council. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, for the construction and operation of the Virgo detector and the creation and support of the EGO consortium. The authors also gratefully acknowledge research support from these agencies as well as by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research of India, the Department of Science and Technology, India, the Science & Engineering Research Board (SERB), India, the Ministry of Human Resource Development, India, the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación, the Vicepresidència i Conselleria d'Innovació Recerca i Turisme and the Conselleria d'Educació i Universitat del Govern de les Illes Balears, the Conselleria d'Innovació Universitats, Ciència i Societat Digital de la Generalitat Valenciana and the CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain, the National Science Centre of Poland, the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, the Russian Science Foundation, the European Commission, the European Regional Development Funds (ERDF), the Royal Society, the Scottish Funding Council, the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA), the French Lyon Institute of Origins (LIO), the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FRS-FNRS), Actions de Recherche Concertées (ARC) and Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek–Vlaanderen (FWO), Belgium, the Paris Île-de-France Region, the National Research, Development and Innovation Office Hungary (NKFIH), the National Research Foundation of Korea, Industry Canada and the Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation, the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council Canada, the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovations, and Communications, the International Center for Theoretical Physics South American Institute for Fundamental Research (ICTP-SAIFR), the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), the Leverhulme Trust, the Research Corporation, the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Taiwan and the Kavli Foundation. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the NSF, STFC, INFN and CNRS for provision of computational resources. Some of the parameter estimation analyses presented in this paper were performed using the supercomputer cluster at the Swinburne University of Technology (OzSTAR and SSTAR). We would like to thank all of the essential workers who put their health at risk during the COVID-19 pandemic, without whom we would not have been able to complete this work. Software: The detection of the signal and subsequent significance evaluation were performed with the GstLAL-based inspiral software pipeline (Cannon et al. 2012; Privitera et al. 2014; Messick et al. 2017; Sachdev et al. 2019; Hanna et al. 2020), built on the LALSuite software library (LIGO Scientific Collaboration 2018), and with the PyCBC (Nitz et al. 2018, 2019; Usman et al. 2016) and MBTAOnline (Adams et al. 2016) packages. Parameter estimation was performed with the LALInference (Veitch et al. 2015) and LALSimulation libraries within LALSuite (LIGO Scientific Collaboration 2018), as well as the Bilby and pBilby Libraries (Ashton et al. 2019; Smith & Ashton 2019) and the dynesty nested sampling package (Speagle 2020). Interpretation and curation of the posterior samples was handled by the PESummary library (Hoy & Raymond 2020). Estimates of the noise spectra were obtained using BayesWave (Cornish & Littenberg 2015; Littenberg & Cornish 2015). Plots were prepared with Matplotlib (Hunter 2007). The sky map plot also used Astropy (http://www.astropy.org) a community-developed core Python package for Astronomy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013; Price-Whelan et al. 2018) and ligo.skymap (https://lscsoft.docs.ligo.org/ligo.skymap). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Group: | LIGO, TAPIR, Astronomy Department | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Subject Keywords: | Gravitational wave astronomy ; Gravitational wave sources ; Astrophysical Black Holes ; Compact binary stars ; Gravitational waves ; Gravitational wave detectors | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Issue or Number: | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Classification Code: | Unified Astronomy Thesaurus concepts: Gravitational wave astronomy (675); Gravitational wave sources (677); Astrophysical black holes (98); Compact binary stars (283); Gravitational waves (678); Gravitational wave detectors (676) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DOI: | 10.3847/2041-8213/ab960f | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Record Number: | CaltechAUTHORS:20200624-093131998 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Persistent URL: | https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200624-093131998 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Official Citation: | R. Abbott et al 2020 ApJL 896 L44 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Usage Policy: | No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ID Code: | 103987 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Collection: | CaltechAUTHORS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposited By: | George Porter | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposited On: | 24 Jun 2020 17:39 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Last Modified: | 27 Oct 2022 22:38 |
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