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Illuminating the physics of dynamic friction through laboratory earthquakes on thrust faults

Tal, Yuval and Rubino, Vito and Rosakis, Ares J. and Lapusta, Nadia (2020) Illuminating the physics of dynamic friction through laboratory earthquakes on thrust faults. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 117 (35). pp. 21095-21100. ISSN 0027-8424. PMCID PMC7474586. doi:10.1073/pnas.2004590117. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200818-083332830

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Abstract

Large, destructive earthquakes often propagate along thrust faults including megathrusts. The asymmetric interaction of thrust earthquake ruptures with the free surface leads to sudden variations in fault-normal stress, which affect fault friction. Here, we present full-field experimental measurements of displacements, particle velocities, and stresses that characterize the rupture interaction with the free surface, including the large normal stress reductions. We take advantage of these measurements to investigate the dependence of dynamic friction on transient changes in normal stress, demonstrate that the shear frictional resistance exhibits a significant lag in response to such normal stress variations, and identify a predictive frictional formulation that captures this effect. Properly accounting for this delay is important for simulations of fault slip, ground motion, and associated tsunami excitation.


Item Type:Article
Related URLs:
URLURL TypeDescription
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2004590117DOIArticle
https://www.pnas.org/content/suppl/2020/08/14/2004590117.DCSupplementalPublisherSupporting Information
https://data.caltech.edu/records/1405Related ItemData
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7474586/PubMed CentralArticle
ORCID:
AuthorORCID
Tal, Yuval0000-0001-7308-9294
Rubino, Vito0000-0002-4023-8668
Rosakis, Ares J.0000-0003-0559-0794
Lapusta, Nadia0000-0001-6558-0323
Additional Information:© 2020 National Academy of Sciences. Published under the PNAS license. Contributed by Ares J. Rosakis, April 15, 2020 (sent for review March 11, 2020; reviewed by Philippe H. Geubelle and Yonggang Huang). PNAS first published August 17, 2020. This study was supported by the NSF (Grant EAR-1651235), the US Geological Survey (USGS) (Grant G20AP00037), Caltech/Mechanical and Civil Engineering Big Idea Fund (2019), Caltech’s Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, and the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) (Contribution 19093). SCEC is funded by NSF Cooperative Agreement EAR-1033462 and USGS Cooperative Agreement G12AC20038. Data Availability: The time series of slip, sliding velocity, and shear and normal stresses near the free surface are available at the Caltech Research Data Repository: https://data.caltech.edu/records/1405. Author contributions: Y.T., V.R., A.J.R., and N.L. designed research; Y.T., V.R., A.J.R., and N.L. performed research; Y.T. analyzed data; and Y.T., V.R., A.J.R., and N.L. wrote the paper. Reviewers: P.H.G., University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign; and Y.H., Northwestern University. The authors declare no competing interest. This article contains supporting information online at https://www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.2004590117/-/DCSupplemental.
Group:Center for Geomechanics and Mitigation of Geohazards (GMG), Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, GALCIT, Seismological Laboratory
Funders:
Funding AgencyGrant Number
NSFEAR-1651235
USGSG20AP00037
Caltech Division of Engineering and Applied ScienceUNSPECIFIED
Caltech Division of Geological and Planetary SciencesUNSPECIFIED
Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC)UNSPECIFIED
NSFEAR-1033462
USGSG12AC20038
Subject Keywords:dynamic friction; laboratory earthquakes; thrust faults
Other Numbering System:
Other Numbering System NameOther Numbering System ID
Southern California Earthquake Center19093
Issue or Number:35
PubMed Central ID:PMC7474586
DOI:10.1073/pnas.2004590117
Record Number:CaltechAUTHORS:20200818-083332830
Persistent URL:https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200818-083332830
Official Citation:Illuminating the physics of dynamic friction through laboratory earthquakes on thrust faults. Yuval Tal, Vito Rubino, Ares J. Rosakis, Nadia Lapusta. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Sep 2020, 117 (35) 21095-21100; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004590117
Usage Policy:No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.
ID Code:104990
Collection:CaltechAUTHORS
Deposited By: Tony Diaz
Deposited On:18 Aug 2020 15:47
Last Modified:15 Nov 2022 19:13

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