Yang, Fan and Long, Richard J. and Shan, Su-Su and Ge, Jun-Qiang and Guo, Rui and Zhang, Bo and Gao, Jing-Hua and Ji, Xiang and Liu, Ji-Feng (2020) Galaxy optical variability of Virgo cluster: new tracer for environmental influences on galaxies. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, 496 (1). L59-L63. ISSN 1745-3925. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slaa083. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200908-140219805
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Abstract
We investigate the relationship between the optical variability of galaxies and their distances from the centre of the Virgo cluster using Palomar Transient Factory data. We define the ratio between the standard deviation of the galaxy brightness and the mean value of the standard deviation as a measure of a galaxy’s optical variability. A sample of 814 Virgo galaxies with 230 263 observations shows a monotonically decreasing trend of optical variability with increasing clustercentric distance. The variability level inside the cluster is 3.2σ higher than the level outside. We fit the variability with a linear function and find that the data reject a distance-independent model. We examine 217 background galaxies for comparison and find no significant trend in galaxy variability. We assess the relation with Monte Carlo simulation by rebuilding the brightness of each galaxy. The simulation shows a monotonically decreasing relation for member galaxy variability and a distance-independent relation for background galaxies. Our result is consistent with the theory that the cold gas flowing inwards the cluster centre fuels AGN activity. This work is a new implementation of the method using optical variability to investigate the relation between galaxies evolution and their environment.
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Additional Information: | © 2020 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model). Accepted 2020 May 6. Received 2020 May 6; in original form 2020 January 22. Published: 08 May 2020. We wish to thank the referee for their most useful comments that have greatly improved the paper. This work made use of the IPAC data base2 and PYASTRONOMY3 (Czesla et al. 2019). We would like to thank Prakash Abhishek, Lee Bomee, and Thomas Kupfer for useful discussions. We also thank You-Jun Lu for feedback on our work. FY, S-SS, and J-FL acknowledge funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11988101), the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (No. 11425313), and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFA0400800). J-QG acknowledges support from NSFC (No. 11903046) and by the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation under grant no. 1204038. | ||||||||||||
Group: | Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC) | ||||||||||||
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Subject Keywords: | galaxies: active – galaxies: clusters: individual:Virgo Cluster – galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium – galaxies: evolution – galaxies: nuclei | ||||||||||||
Issue or Number: | 1 | ||||||||||||
DOI: | 10.1093/mnrasl/slaa083 | ||||||||||||
Record Number: | CaltechAUTHORS:20200908-140219805 | ||||||||||||
Persistent URL: | https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200908-140219805 | ||||||||||||
Official Citation: | Fan Yang, Richard J Long, Su-Su Shan, Jun-Qiang Ge, Rui Guo, Bo Zhang, Jing-Hua Gao, Xiang Ji, Ji-Feng Liu, Galaxy optical variability of Virgo cluster: new tracer for environmental influences on galaxies, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Volume 496, Issue 1, July 2020, Pages L59–L63, https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slaa083 | ||||||||||||
Usage Policy: | No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided. | ||||||||||||
ID Code: | 105273 | ||||||||||||
Collection: | CaltechAUTHORS | ||||||||||||
Deposited By: | Tony Diaz | ||||||||||||
Deposited On: | 08 Sep 2020 21:10 | ||||||||||||
Last Modified: | 16 Nov 2021 18:41 |
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