Bruch, Rachel J. and Gal-Yam, Avishay and Schulze, Steve and Yaron, Ofer and Yang, Yi and Soumagnac, Maayane T. and Rigault, Mickael and Strotjohann, Nora L. and Ofek, Eran O. and Sollerman, Jesper and Masci, Frank J. and Barbarino, Cristina and Ho, Anna Y. Q. and Fremling, Christoffer and Perley, Daniel A. and Nordin, Jakob and Cenko, S. Bradley and Adams, S. and Adreoni, Igor and Bellm, Eric C. and Blagorodnova, Nadia and Bulla, Mattia and Burdge, Kevin and De, Kishalay and Dhawan, Suhail and Drake, Andrew J. and Duev, Dmitry A. and Dugas, Alison and Graham, Matthew and Graham, Melissa L. and Jencson, Jacob and Karamehmetoglu, Emir and Kasliwal, Mansi and Kim, Young-Lo and Kulkarni, Shrinivas and Kupfer, Thomas and Mahabal, Ashish and Miller, A. A. and Prince, Thomas A. and Riddle, Reed and Sharma, Y. and Smith, Roger and Taddia, Francesco and Taggart, Kirsty and Walters, Richard and Yan, Lin (2020) A large fraction of hydrogen-rich supernova progenitors experience elevated mass loss shortly prior to explosion. . (Unpublished) https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200916-112934888
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Abstract
Spectroscopic detection of narrow emission lines traces the presence of circumstellar mass distributions around massive stars exploding as core-collapse supernovae. Transient emission lines disappearing shortly after the supernova explosion suggest that the spatial extent of such material is compact, and hence imply an increased mass loss shortly prior to explosion. Here, we present a systematic survey for such transient emission lines (Flash Spectroscopy) among Type II supernovae detected in the first year of the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) survey. We find that at least six out of ten events for which a spectrum was obtained within two days of estimated explosion time show evidence for such transient flash lines. Our measured flash event fraction (>30% at 95% confidence level) indicates that elevated mass loss is a common process occurring in massive stars that are about to explode as supernovae.
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| Additional Information: | AGY's research is supported by the EU via ERC grant No. 725161, the ISF GW excellence center, an IMOS space infrastructure grant and BSF/Transformative and GIF grants, as well as The Benoziyo Endowment Fund for the Advancement of Science, the Deloro Institute for Advanced Research in Space and Optics, The Veronika A. Rabl Physics Discretionary Fund, Paul and Tina Gardner, Yeda-Sela and the WIS-CIT joint research grant; AGY is the recipient of the Helen and Martin Kimmel Award for Innovative Investigation. The ztfquery code was funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 759194 - USNAC, PI: Rigault). The ZTF forced-photometry service was funded under the Heising-Simons Foundation grant #12540303 (PI: Graham). Based on observations obtained with the Samuel Oschin 48-inch Telescope at the Palomar Observatory as part of the Zwicky Transient Facility project. ZTF is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. AST-1440341 and a collaboration including Caltech, IPAC, the Weizmann Institute for Science, the Oskar Klein Center at Stockholm University, the University of Maryland, the University of Washington, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron and Humboldt University, Los Alamos National Laboratories, the TANGO Consortium of Taiwan, the University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories. Operations are conducted by COO, IPAC, and UW. The data presented here were obtained [in part] with ALFOSC, which is provided by the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (IAA) under a joint agreement with the University of Copenhagen and NOTSA. A.A.M. is funded by the LSST Corporation, the Brinson Foundation, and the Moore Foundation in support of the LSSTC Data Science Fellowship Program; he also receives support as a CIERA Fellow by the CIERA Postdoctoral Fellowship Program (Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics, Northwestern University). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Group: | Astronomy Department, Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC), Zwicky Transient Facility | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Subject Keywords: | supernova: general - methods: observational - stars: mass-loss - stars: massive | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Record Number: | CaltechAUTHORS:20200916-112934888 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Persistent URL: | https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200916-112934888 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Usage Policy: | No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ID Code: | 105424 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Collection: | CaltechAUTHORS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deposited By: | George Porter | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deposited On: | 17 Sep 2020 19:56 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Last Modified: | 17 Sep 2020 19:56 |
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