Highly sensitive laser-engraved graphene sensors for non-invasive monitoring of circulating metabolites and nutrients

Abstract

Wearable sensors offer tremendous potential for biomedical applications. Sweat anal. is an attractive candidate that enables continuous and non-invasive mol. monitoring of circulating metabolites and nutrients. However, existing wearable sweat sensing platforms are primarily focused on a limited no. of electrolytes and metabolites monitored via ion selective or enzymic electrodes. Moreover, they either lack multimodal sensing functionality or require expensive micro/nanofabrication facilities. Here we report a mass-producible, all-laser-engraved graphene sensor that enables highly sensitive sweat anal. via differential pulse voltammetry and multiplexed vital sign monitoring. For the first time, we demonstrate here in situ continuous uric acid and tyrosine monitoring in human perspiration during exercise in both phys. trained and untrained subjects. The use of this platform for non-invasive gout management is evaluated on clin. diagnosed gout patients and via a purine-rich meal challenge on healthy individuals. This flexible graphene sensor demonstrates great promise for non-invasive, personalized metabolic and nutritional management.