Mader, H. M. and Zhang, Y. and Phillips, J. C. and Sparks, R. S. J. and Sturtevant, B. and Stolper, E. (1995) Observations of Explosive Exsolution in Liquids. In: IUTAM Symposium on Waves in Liquid/Gas and Liquid/Vapour Two-Phase Systems. Fluid Mechanics and its Applications. No.31. Springer , Dordrecht, pp. 335-341. ISBN 978-94-010-4030-3. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210125-154413929
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Abstract
Explosive two-phase (gas-liquid) flows generated by rapid degassing of supersaturated liquids have been investigated experimentally to simulate conditions in violent volcanic eruptions. Two configurations were examined: i) Decompression of CO₂-saturated (P_(CO₂) ≤0.7 MPa) water causes explosive bubble growth and foaming. The large volume increase accelerates the two-phase mixture upward to velocities as large as 14 m/s at nearly constant accelerations up to more than 200 g. Constant acceleration implies that the bubble growth rate is proportional to t^(2/3), i.e., bubble size increases with time more rapidly than the t^(1/2) law expected for simple diffusive growth of spherical bubbles in an infinite medium, ii) Rapid mixing of concentrated K₂CO₃ and HCl solutions generates CO₂ supersaturations up to a few MPa. In this case, reaction and degassing generate an increasingly accelerating flow until the reactants become depleted at peak accelerations of about 100 g and velocities up to 45 m/s. In both experiments the rapid expansion causes the foam to fragment into a heterogeneous spray. The experimental flows are comparable to explosive volcanic flows in terms of decompression ratio, velocities, accelerations and in the large range of scales present. In addition, because the flow is confined to a conduit, the large accelerations cause strong extensional strain and longitudinal deformation of the foam. We speculate that widespread tube pumice in Plinian pyroclastic deposits and ignimbrites could preserve evidence of analogous flow conditions.
Item Type: | Book Section | |||||||||
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Additional Information: | © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 1995. | |||||||||
Group: | GALCIT | |||||||||
Subject Keywords: | Bubble Growth; Explosive Eruption; Spherical Bubble; Volcanic Conduit; Bubble Growth Rate | |||||||||
Series Name: | Fluid Mechanics and its Applications | |||||||||
Issue or Number: | 31 | |||||||||
DOI: | 10.1007/978-94-011-0057-1_28 | |||||||||
Record Number: | CaltechAUTHORS:20210125-154413929 | |||||||||
Persistent URL: | https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210125-154413929 | |||||||||
Usage Policy: | No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided. | |||||||||
ID Code: | 107720 | |||||||||
Collection: | CaltechAUTHORS | |||||||||
Deposited By: | Tony Diaz | |||||||||
Deposited On: | 26 Jan 2021 18:37 | |||||||||
Last Modified: | 16 Nov 2021 19:05 |
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