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Intra-oceanic submarine arc evolution recorded in an ~1-km-thick rear-arc succession of distal volcaniclastic lobe deposits

Johnson, Kyle and Marsaglia, Kathleen M. and Brandl, Philipp A. and Barth, Andrew P. and Waldman, Ryan and Ishizuka, Osamu and Hamada, Morihisa and Gurnis, Michael and Ruttenberg, Ian (2021) Intra-oceanic submarine arc evolution recorded in an ~1-km-thick rear-arc succession of distal volcaniclastic lobe deposits. Geosphere, 17 (4). pp. 957-980. ISSN 1553-040X. doi:10.1130/ges02321.1. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210526-080822767

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Abstract

International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 351 drilled a rear-arc sedimentary succession ~50 km west of the Kyushu-Palau Ridge, an arc remnant formed by rifting during formation of the Shikoku Basin and the Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc. The ~1-km-thick Eocene to Oligocene deep-marine volcaniclastic succession recovered at Site U1438 provides a unique opportunity to study a nearly complete record of intra-oceanic arc development, from a rear-arc perspective on crust created during subduction initiation rather than supra-subduction seafloor spreading. Detailed facies analysis and definition of depositional units allow for broader stratigraphic analysis and definition of lobe elements. Patterns in gravity-flow deposit types and subunits appear to define a series of stacked lobe systems that accumulated in a rear-arc basin. The lobe subdivisions, in many cases, are a combination of a turbidite-dominated subunit and an overlying debris-flow subunit. Debris flow–rich lobe-channel sequences are grouped into four, 1.6–2 m.y. episodes, each roughly the age range of an arc volcano. Three of the episodes contain overlapping lobe facies that may have resulted from minor channel switching or input from a different source. The progressive up-section coarsening of episodes and the increasing channel-facies thicknesses within each episode suggest progressively prograding facies from a maturing magmatic arc. Submarine geomorphology of the modern Mariana arc and West Mariana Ridge provide present-day examples that can be used to interpret the morphology and evolution of the channel (or channels) that fed sediment to Site U1438, forming the sequences interpreted as depositional lobes. The abrupt change from very thick and massive debris flows to fine-grained turbidites at the unit III to unit II boundary reflects arc rifting and progressive waning of turbidity current and ash inputs. This interpretation is consistent with the geochemical record from melt inclusions and detrital zircons. Thus, Site U1438 provides a unique record of the life span of an intra-oceanic arc, from inception through maturation to its demise by intra-arc rifting and stranding of the remnant arc ridge.


Item Type:Article
Related URLs:
URLURL TypeDescription
https://doi.org/10.1130/ges02321.1DOIArticle
ORCID:
AuthorORCID
Gurnis, Michael0000-0003-1704-597X
Additional Information:© 2021 The Authors. Gold Open Access: This paper is published under the terms of the CC-BY-NC license. Received 16 July 2020; Revision received 11 November 2020; Accepted 4 March 2021. Detailed comments by Peter Clift and Alastair Robertson were greatly appreciated and improved the manuscript. This work was supported by awards from Ocean Leadership and the National Science Foundation to K.M. Marsaglia (OCE-1503694) and from the Geological Society of America to K. Johnson. Barth acknowledges NSF grant OCE-1558830. Thanks also go to Sharon Allen and David Buchs for their thoughtful reviews of an earlier version of this manuscript, to Bill Gardner for his contributions to analogue development, and to Jamstec for access to the legacy seismic data. This research used samples and data provided by the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP).
Group:Seismological Laboratory
Funders:
Funding AgencyGrant Number
Ocean LeadershipUNSPECIFIED
NSFOCE-1503694
Geological Society of AmericaUNSPECIFIED
NSFOCE-1558830
Issue or Number:4
DOI:10.1130/ges02321.1
Record Number:CaltechAUTHORS:20210526-080822767
Persistent URL:https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210526-080822767
Official Citation:Kyle Johnson, Kathleen M. Marsaglia, Philipp A. Brandl, Andrew P. Barth, Ryan Waldman, Osamu Ishizuka, Morihisa Hamada, Michael Gurnis, Ian Ruttenberg; Intra-oceanic submarine arc evolution recorded in an ~1-km-thick rear-arc succession of distal volcaniclastic lobe deposits. Geosphere 2021; 17 (4): 957–980. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02321.1
Usage Policy:No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.
ID Code:109254
Collection:CaltechAUTHORS
Deposited By: Tony Diaz
Deposited On:26 May 2021 16:34
Last Modified:02 Aug 2021 20:12

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