An exomoon survey of 70 cool giant exoplanets and the new candidate Kepler-1708 b-i

Kipping, David and Bryson, Steve and Burke, Chris and Christiansen, Jessie and Hardegree-Ullman, Kevin and Quarles, Billy and Hansen, Brad and Szulágyi, Judit and Teachey, Alex (2022) An exomoon survey of 70 cool giant exoplanets and the new candidate Kepler-1708 b-i. Nature Astronomy, 6 (3). pp. 367-380. ISSN 2397-3366. doi:10.1038/s41550-021-01539-1. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210927-204432870

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Abstract

Exomoons represent a crucial missing puzzle piece in our efforts to understand extrasolar planetary systems. To address this deficiency, we here describe an exomoon survey of 70 cool, giant transiting exoplanet candidates found by Kepler. We identify only one exhibiting a moon-like signal that passes a battery of vetting tests: Kepler-1708 b. We show that Kepler-1708 b is a statistically validated Jupiter-sized planet orbiting a Sun-like quiescent star at 1.6 au. The signal of the exomoon candidate, Kepler-1708 b-i, is a 4.8σ effect and is persistent across different instrumental detrending methods, with a 1% false-positive probability via injection–recovery. Kepler-1708 b-i is ~2.6 Earth radii and is located in an approximately coplanar orbit at ~12 planetary radii from its ~1.6 au Jupiter-sized host. Future observations will be necessary to validate or reject the candidate.

Item Type:

Article

Related URLs:

URL	URL Type	Description
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-021-01539-1	DOI	Article
https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.04643	arXiv	Discussion Paper
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.18931zcz9	DOI	Data
https://github.com/farhanferoz/MultiNest	Related Item	MULTINEST regression algorithm
https://github.com/timothydmorton/VESPA	Related Item	VESPA software package
https://github.com/timothydmorton/isochrones	Related Item	Isochrones software package
https://github.com/nasa/KeplerPORTs	Related Item	KeplerPORTs software package
https://github.com/stevepur/Kepler-RaDex2Pix	Related Item	RaDec2Pix software package

ORCID:

Author	ORCID
Kipping, David	0000-0002-4365-7366
Bryson, Steve	0000-0003-0081-1797
Burke, Chris	0000-0002-7754-9486
Christiansen, Jessie	0000-0002-8035-4778
Hardegree-Ullman, Kevin	0000-0003-3702-0382
Quarles, Billy	0000-0002-9644-8330
Hansen, Brad	0000-0001-7840-3502
Szulágyi, Judit	0000-0001-8442-4043
Teachey, Alex	0000-0003-2331-5606

Additional Information:

© 2022 Nature Publishing Group. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Received 12 April 2021; Accepted 12 October 2021; Published 13 January 2022. D.K. thanks donors M. Sloan, L. Sanborn, D. Daughaday, A. Jones, E. West, T. Zajonc, C. Wolfred, A. de Vaal, M. Forbes, C. Souter, J. Rockett, S. Hannum, T. Donkin and M. Elliott. D.K. acknowledges support from NASA grant 80NSSC21K0960. J.S. acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant 948467). Analysis was carried out in part on the NASA Supercomputer PLEIADES (grant HEC-SMD-17-1386), provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center. This Article includes data collected by the Kepler Mission. Funding for the Kepler Mission is provided by the NASA Science Mission Directorate. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. Data availability: The data that support the plots within this paper and other findings of this study are made available at https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.18931zcz9; or from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Source data are provided with this paper. Code availability: The MULTINEST regression algorithm is publicly available at https://github.com/farhanferoz/MultiNest. The vespa software package is publicly available at https://github.com/timothydmorton/VESPA. The isochrones software package is publicly available at https://github.com/timothydmorton/isochrones. The KeplerPORTs software package is publicly available at https://github.com/nasa/KeplerPORTs. The raDec2Pix software package is publicly available at https://github.com/stevepur/Kepler-RaDex2Pix.

Group:

Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC)

Funders:

Funding Agency	Grant Number
NASA	80NSSC21K0960
European Research Council (ERC)	948467
NASA	HEC-SMD-17-1386
Gaia Multilateral Agreement	UNSPECIFIED

Subject Keywords:

Exoplanets; Rings and moons

Issue or Number:

DOI:

10.1038/s41550-021-01539-1

Record Number:

CaltechAUTHORS:20210927-204432870

Persistent URL:

https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210927-204432870

Official Citation:

Kipping, D., Bryson, S., Burke, C. et al. An exomoon survey of 70 cool giant exoplanets and the new candidate Kepler-1708 b-i. Nat Astron 6, 367–380 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-021-01539-1

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No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.

ID Code:

111050

Collection:

CaltechAUTHORS

Deposited By:

George Porter

Deposited On:

18 Jan 2022 20:44

Last Modified:

17 Mar 2022 18:00

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