Yee, Jennifer C. and Zang, Weicheng and Udalski, Andrzej and Ryu, Yoon-Hyun and Green, Jonathan and Hennerley, Steve and Marmont, Andrew and Sumi, Takahiro and Mao, Shude and Gromadzki, Mariusz and Mróz, Przemek and Skowron, Jan and Poleski, Radoslaw and Szymański, Michał K. and Soszyński, Igor and Pietrukowicz, Paweł and Kozłowski, Szymon and Ulaczyk, Krzysztof and Rybicki, Krzysztof A. and Iwanek, Patryk and Wrona, Marcin and Albrow, Michael D. and Chung, Sun-Ju and Gould, Andrew and Han, Cheongho and Hwang, Kyu-Ha and Jung, Youn Kil and Kim, Hyoun-Woo and Shin, In-Gu and Shvartzvald, Yossi and Cha, Sang-Mok and Kim, Dong-Jin and Kim, Seung-Lee and Lee, Chung-Uk and Lee, Dong-Joo and Lee, Yongseok and Park, Byeong-Gon and Pogge, Richard W. and Bachelet, Etienne and Christie, Grant and Hundertmark, Markus P. G. and Maoz, Dan and McCormick, Jennie and Natusch, Tim and Penny, Matthew T. and Street, Rachel A. and Tsapras, Yiannis and Beichman, Charles A. and Bryden, Geoffery and Calchi Novati, Sebastiano and Carey, Sean and Gaudi, B. Scott and Henderson, Calen B. and Johnson, Samson and Zhu, Wei and Bond, Ian A. and Abe, Fumio and Barry, Richard and Bennett, David P. and Bhattacharya, Aparna and Donachie, Martin and Fujii, Hirosane and Fukui, Akihiko and Hirao, Yuki and Ishitani Silva, Stela and Itow, Yoshitaka and Kirikawa, Rintaro and Kondo, Iona and Koshimoto, Naoki and Li, Man Cheung Alex and Matsubara, Yutaka and Muraki, Yasushi and Miyazaki, Shota and Olmschenk, Greg and Ranc, Clément and Rattenbury, Nicholas J. and Satoh, Yuki and Shoji, Hikaru and Suzuki, Daisuke and Tanaka, Yuzuru and Tristram, Paul J. and Yamawaki, Tsubasa and Yonehara, Atsunori (2021) OGLE-2019-BLG-0960 Lb: the Smallest Microlensing Planet. Astronomical Journal, 162 (5). Art. No. 180. ISSN 0004-6256. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac1582. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20211014-170548759
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Abstract
We report the analysis of OGLE-2019-BLG-0960, which contains the smallest mass-ratio microlensing planet found to date (q = 1.2–1.6 × 10⁻⁵ at 1σ). Although there is substantial uncertainty in the satellite parallax measured by Spitzer, the measurement of the annual parallax effect combined with the finite source effect allows us to determine the mass of the host star (M_L = 0.3–0.6 M_⊙), the mass of its planet (m_p = 1.4–3.1 M_⊕), the projected separation between the host and planet (a_⊥ = 1.2–2.3 au), and the distance to the lens system (D_L = 0.6–1.2 kpc). The lens is plausibly the blend, which could be checked with adaptive optics observations. As the smallest planet clearly below the break in the mass-ratio function, it demonstrates that current experiments are powerful enough to robustly measure the slope of the mass-ratio function below that break. We find that the cross-section for detecting small planets is maximized for planets with separations just outside of the boundary for resonant caustics and that sensitivity to such planets can be maximized by intensively monitoring events whenever they are magnified by a factor A > 5. Finally, an empirical investigation demonstrates that most planets showing a degeneracy between (s > 1) and (s < 1) solutions are not in the regime |log s| » 0) for which the "close"/"wide" degeneracy was derived. This investigation suggests that there is a link between the "close"/"wide" and "inner/outer" degeneracies and also that the symmetry in the lens equation goes much deeper than symmetries uncovered for the limiting cases.
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| Alternate Title: | OGLE-2019-BLG-0960Lb: The Smallest Microlensing Planet | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additional Information: | © 2021. The American Astronomical Society. Received 2020 December 23; revised 2021 July 5; accepted 2021 July 15; published 2021 October 6. Work by J.C.Y. was supported by JPL grant 1571564. W.Z. and S.M. acknowledge support by the National Science Foundation of China (grant No. 11821303 and 11761131004). This research has made use of the KMTNet system operated by the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) and the data were obtained at three host sites of CTIO in Chile, SAAO in South Africa, and SSO in Australia. The OGLE has received funding from the National Science Centre, Poland, grant MAESTRO 2014/14/A/ST9/00121 to AU. This research uses data obtained through the Telescope Access Program (TAP), which has been funded by the National Astronomical Observatories of China, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Special Fund for Astronomy from the Ministry of Finance. The MOA project is supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant No. JSPS24253004, JSPS26247023, JSPS23340064, JSPS15H00781, JP16H06287, and JP17H02871. This work is based (in part) on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech. Work by AG was supported by AST-1516842 and by JPL grant 1500811. A.G. received support from the European Research Council under the European Unions Seventh Framework Programme (FP 7) ERC grant Agreement No. [321035]. Work by C.H. was supported by the grants of National Research Foundation of Korea (2019R1A2C2085965 and 2020R1A4A2002885). Wei Zhu was supported by the Beatrice and Vincent Tremaine Fellowship at CITA. Y.T. acknowledges the support of DFG priority program SPP 1992 "Exploring the Diversity of Extrasolar Planets" (WA 1047/11-1). This research has made use of the NASA Exoplanet Archive, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program. Based in part on data products from observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under programme ID 179.B-2002. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Group: | Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Subject Keywords: | Gravitational microlensing exoplanet detection | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issue or Number: | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Classification Code: | Unified Astronomy Thesaurus concepts: Gravitational microlensing exoplanet detection (2147) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DOI: | 10.3847/1538-3881/ac1582 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Record Number: | CaltechAUTHORS:20211014-170548759 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Persistent URL: | https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20211014-170548759 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Official Citation: | Jennifer C. Yee et al 2021 AJ 162 180 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Usage Policy: | No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ID Code: | 111430 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Collection: | CaltechAUTHORS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deposited By: | George Porter | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deposited On: | 18 Oct 2021 23:03 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Last Modified: | 08 Aug 2022 20:51 |
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