Rice, Malena and Wang, Songhu and Howard, Andrew W. and Isaacson, Howard and Dai, Fei and Wang, Xian-Yu and Beard, Corey and Behmard, Aida and Brinkman, Casey and Rubenzahl, Ryan A. and Laughlin, Gregory (2021) SOLES I: The Spin–Orbit Alignment of K2-140 b. Astronomical Journal, 162 (5). Art. No. 182. ISSN 0004-6256. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac1f8f. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20211014-170556620
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Abstract
Obliquity measurements for stars hosting relatively long-period giant planets with weak star-planet tidal interactions may play a key role in distinguishing between formation theories for shorter-period hot Jupiters. Few such obliquity measurements have been made to date due to the relatively small sample of known wide-orbiting, transiting Jovian-mass planets and the challenging nature of these targets, which tend to have long transit durations and orbit faint stars. We report a measurement of the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect across the transit of K2-140 b, a Jupiter-mass planet with period P = 6.57 days orbiting a V = 12.6 star. We find that K2-140 is an aligned system with projected spin–orbit angle λ = 0.5° ± 9.7°, suggesting a dynamically cool formation history. This observation builds toward a population of tidally detached giant planet spin–orbit angles that will enable a direct comparison with the distribution of close-orbiting hot-Jupiter orbital configurations, elucidating the prevalent formation mechanisms of each group.
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| Alternate Title: | Stellar Obliquities in Long-period Exoplanet Systems (SOLES) I: The Spin-Orbit Alignment of K2-140 b | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additional Information: | © 2021. The American Astronomical Society. Received 2021 May 24; revised 2021 August 12; accepted 2021 August 18; published 2021 October 7. We thank Konstantin Batygin and Kassandra Anderson for helpful discussions that have refined this work. We also thank the anonymous referee for their helpful suggestions that have improved the quality of this manuscript. M.R. is supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under grant No. DGE-1752134. The data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. This work is supported by Astronomical Big Data Joint Research Center, co-founded by National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Alibaba Cloud. This research has made use of the Keck Observatory Archive (KOA), which is operated by the W. M. Keck Observatory and the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute (NExScI), under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This research has made use of the NASA Exoplanet Archive, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program. Software: numpy (Oliphant 2006; Walt et al. 2011; Harris et al. 2020), matplotlib (Hunter 2007), pandas (McKinney et al. 2010), scipy (Virtanen et al. 2020), allesfitter (Günther & Daylan 2021), emcee (Foreman-Mackey et al. 2013). Facilities: Keck: I (HIRES), Exoplanet Archive, Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Group: | Astronomy Department | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Subject Keywords: | Planetary alignment; Exoplanet dynamics; Star-planet interactions; Exoplanets; Planetary theory; Exoplanet astronomy; Exoplanet formation; Exoplanet systems; Exoplanet detection methods; Exoplanet evolution; Extrasolar gaseous giant planets; Planetary system formation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issue or Number: | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Classification Code: | Unified Astronomy Thesaurus concepts: Planetary alignment (1243); Exoplanet dynamics (490); Star-planet interactions (2177); Exoplanets (498); Planetary theory (1258); Exoplanet astronomy (486); Exoplanet formation (492); Exoplanet systems (484); Exoplane | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DOI: | 10.3847/1538-3881/ac1f8f | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Record Number: | CaltechAUTHORS:20211014-170556620 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Persistent URL: | https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20211014-170556620 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Official Citation: | Malena Rice et al 2021 AJ 162 182 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Usage Policy: | No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ID Code: | 111438 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Collection: | CaltechAUTHORS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deposited By: | George Porter | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deposited On: | 14 Oct 2021 18:08 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Last Modified: | 14 Oct 2021 18:08 |
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