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Quantum advantage in learning from experiments

Huang, Hsin-Yuan and Broughton, Michael and Cotler, Jordan and Chen, Sitan and Li, Jerry and Mohseni, Masoud and Neven, Hartmut and Babbush, Ryan and Kueng, Richard and Preskill, John and McClean, Jarrod R. (2022) Quantum advantage in learning from experiments. Science, 376 (6598). pp. 1182-1186. ISSN 0036-8075. doi:10.1126/science.abn7293. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220113-234532429

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Abstract

Quantum technology promises to revolutionize how we learn about the physical world. An experiment that processes quantum data with a quantum computer could have substantial advantages over conventional experiments in which quantum states are measured and outcomes are processed with a classical computer. We proved that quantum machines could learn from exponentially fewer experiments than the number required by conventional experiments. This exponential advantage is shown for predicting properties of physical systems, performing quantum principal component analysis, and learning about physical dynamics. Furthermore, the quantum resources needed for achieving an exponential advantage are quite modest in some cases. Conducting experiments with 40 superconducting qubits and 1300 quantum gates, we demonstrated that a substantial quantum advantage is possible with today’s quantum processors.


Item Type:Article
Related URLs:
URLURL TypeDescription
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abn7293DOIArticle
https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.00778arXivDiscussion Paper
https://github.com/quantumlib/ReCirq/tree/master/recirq/qml_lfeRelated ItemOpen-Source code
https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/classical-machine-learning-can-solve-tricky-quantum-problemsFeatured InCaltech News
ORCID:
AuthorORCID
Huang, Hsin-Yuan0000-0001-5317-2613
Cotler, Jordan0000-0003-3161-9677
Neven, Hartmut0000-0002-9681-6746
Babbush, Ryan0000-0001-6979-9533
Kueng, Richard0000-0002-8291-648X
Preskill, John0000-0002-2421-4762
McClean, Jarrod R.0000-0002-2809-0509
Additional Information:© 2022 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. Submitted 17 December 2021; accepted 14 April 2022. The quantum hardware used for this experiment was developed by the Google Quantum AI hardware team, under the direction of A. Megrant, J. Kelly, and Y. Chen. Methods for device calibrations were developed by the physics team led by V. Smelyanskiy. Data were collected via cloud access through Google’s Quantum Computing Service. We thank B. Foxen for special support and maintaining the device to the caliber needed to complete the experiments. Funding: H.H. is supported by a Google PhD Fellowship. J.C. is supported by a Junior Fellowship from the Harvard Society of Fellows, by the Black Hole Initiative, and in part by the Department of Energy under grant DE-SC0007870. S.C. is supported by the National Science Foundation under Award 2103300 and was visiting the Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing while part of this work was completed. J.P. acknowledges funding from the US Department of Energy Office of Science Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research (DE-NA0003525, DE-SC0020290), and the National Science Foundation (PHY-1733907). The Institute for Quantum Information and Matter is an NSF Physics Frontiers Center. Author contributions: H.H., J.C., S.C., J.L., R.K., J.P., and J.M. were involved in conceptualization, planning, and theoretical developments. H.H., M.B., M.M., H.N., R.B., and J.M. contributed to the design and execution of the experiments on the Google processor. All authors were involved in the writing and presentation of the work. Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Data and materials availability: In addition to the data in the paper and supplemental materials, code related to this experiment is hosted at Github (35). The data needed to reproduce figures are hosted at Zenodo (36). All other data needed to evaluate the conclusions in the paper are present in the paper or the supplementary materials.
Group:Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, AWS Center for Quantum Computing
Funders:
Funding AgencyGrant Number
GoogleUNSPECIFIED
Harvard Society of FellowsUNSPECIFIED
Black Hole InitiativeUNSPECIFIED
Department of Energy (DOE)DE-SC0007870
NSFDMS-2103300
Department of Energy (DOE)DE-NA0003525
Department of Energy (DOE)DE-SC0020290
NSFPHY-1733907
Issue or Number:6598
DOI:10.1126/science.abn7293
Record Number:CaltechAUTHORS:20220113-234532429
Persistent URL:https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220113-234532429
Official Citation:Quantum advantage in learning from experiments. Hsin-Yuan Huang, Michael Broughton, Jordan Cotler, Sitan Chen, Jerry Li, Masoud Mohseni, Hartmut Neven, Ryan Babbush, Richard Kueng, John Preskill, Jarrod R. McClean. Science, 376 (6598); DOI: 10.1126/science.abn7293
Usage Policy:No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.
ID Code:112896
Collection:CaltechAUTHORS
Deposited By: George Porter
Deposited On:14 Jan 2022 17:05
Last Modified:28 Feb 2023 20:25

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