Sandanbata, Osamu and Watada, Shingo and Satake, Kenji and Kanamori, Hiroo and Rivera, Luis and Zhan, Zhongwen (2022) Sub-decadal Volcanic Tsunamis Due to Submarine Trapdoor Faulting at Sumisu Caldera in the Izu-Bonin Arc. Earth and Space Science Open Archive (ESSOAr) . (Submitted) https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220216-192558749
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Abstract
The main cause of tsunamis is large subduction zone earthquakes with seismic magnitudes M_w > 7, but submarine volcanic processes can also generate tsunamis. At the submarine Sumisu caldera in the Izu–Bonin arc, moderate-sized earthquakes with Mw < 6 occur almost once a decade and cause meter-scale tsunamis. The source mechanism of the volcanic earthquakes is poorly understood. Here we use tsunami and seismic data for the recent 2015 event to show that abrupt uplift of the submarine caldera, with a large brittle rupture of the ring fault system due to overpressure in its magma reservoir, caused the earthquake and tsunami. This submarine trapdoor faulting mechanism can efficiently generate tsunamis due to large vertical seafloor displacements, but it inefficiently radiates long-period seismic waves. Similar seismic radiation patterns and tsunami waveforms due to repeated earthquakes indicate that continuous magma supply into the caldera induces quasi-regular trapdoor faulting. This mechanism of tsunami generation by submarine trapdoor faulting underscores the need to monitor submarine calderas for robust assessment of tsunami hazards.
| Item Type: | Report or Paper (Discussion Paper) | ||||||||||||||
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| Additional Information: | The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder. Version 1: Tue, 15 Feb 2022; Version 2: Mon, 13 Jun 2022; Version 3: Sun, 7 Aug 2022. We thank Paul Segall and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments to improve our manuscript. We thank Editor, Rachel Abercrombie, and Associate Editor, Lingling Ye, for their valuable suggestions. We thank Aditya Gusman for providing the digitized tide gauge data. We thank Dapeng Zaho for providing the velocity model used in our computation of seismic waves. We thank Yoshio Fukao, Hiroko Sugioka, Aki Ito, and Hajime Shiobara for helping obtain some of the tsunami data. This research was funded by JSPS KAKENHI (Grants JP17J02919, JP20J01689, and JP19K04034) and JST J-RAPID (Grant JPMJJR1805). The travel of Osamu Sandanbata to the California Institute of Technology was supported by the Overseas Internship Program of the Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo. Open Research: The earthquake data are from the Global CMT catalog (Ekström et al., 2012; https://www.globalcmt.org/). Tide gauge data are available on request from the Japan Meteorological Agency (https://www.jma.go.jp/jma/indexe.html) and Hydrographic and Oceanographic Department, Japan Coast Guard (https://www1.kaiho.mlit.go.jp/TIDE/gauge/index_eng.php) upon requests. Bathymetric data of M7000 Digital Bathymetric Chart and JTOPO30 are available from the Japan Hydrographic Association (https://www.jha.or.jp/shop/index.php?main_page=index) and GEBCO_2014 Grid is available from GEBCO Compilation Group (Weatherall et al., 2015; https://www.gebco.net/data_and_products/gridded_bathymetry_data/gebco_30_second_grid/). Ocean bottom pressure data of the array off Aogashima Island (Fukao et al., 2019) and the Deep Sea Floor Observatory off Muroto Cape (Momma et al., 1997) are available from the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (http://p21.jamstec.go.jp/top/; under construction at the time of publication), DONET data are available from National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience, 2019a; https://www.seafloor.bosai.go.jp/), and DART data is available from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2005; https://nctr.pmel.noaa.gov/Dart/). F-net seismic data of F-net are available from the NIED (National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience, 2019b; https://www.fnet.bosai.go.jp/top.php?LANG=en), and Global Seismograph Network data are available through the IRIS Wilber 3 system (https://ds.iris.edu/wilber3/) or IRIS Web Services (https://service.iris.edu/), including the IU seismic network (GSN; Albuquerque, 1988). The source models presented in this paper are detailed in Data Set S1. | ||||||||||||||
| Group: | Seismological Laboratory | ||||||||||||||
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| DOI: | 10.1002/essoar.10510526.3 | ||||||||||||||
| Record Number: | CaltechAUTHORS:20220216-192558749 | ||||||||||||||
| Persistent URL: | https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220216-192558749 | ||||||||||||||
| Usage Policy: | No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided. | ||||||||||||||
| ID Code: | 113463 | ||||||||||||||
| Collection: | CaltechAUTHORS | ||||||||||||||
| Deposited By: | George Porter | ||||||||||||||
| Deposited On: | 16 Feb 2022 10:04 | ||||||||||||||
| Last Modified: | 24 Oct 2022 23:13 |
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- Sandanbata, Osamu and Watada, Shingo and Satake, Kenji and Kanamori, Hiroo and Rivera, Luis and Zhan, Zhongwen Sub-decadal Volcanic Tsunamis Due to Submarine Trapdoor Faulting at Sumisu Caldera in the Izu-Bonin Arc. (deposited 16 Feb 2022 10:04) [Currently Displayed]
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