Renzini, Arianna I. and Goncharov, Boris and Jenkins, Alexander C. and Meyers, Patrick M. (2022) Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Backgrounds: Current Detection Efforts and Future Prospects. Galaxies, 10 (1). Art. No. 34. ISSN 2075-4434. doi:10.3390/galaxies10010034. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220216-577676143
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Abstract
The collection of individually resolvable gravitational wave (GW) events makes up a tiny fraction of all GW signals that reach our detectors, while most lie below the confusion limit and are undetected. Similarly to voices in a crowded room, the collection of unresolved signals gives rise to a background that is well-described via stochastic variables and, hence, referred to as the stochastic GW background (SGWB). In this review, we provide an overview of stochastic GW signals and characterise them based on features of interest such as generation processes and observational properties. We then review the current detection strategies for stochastic backgrounds, offering a ready-to-use manual for stochastic GW searches in real data. In the process, we distinguish between interferometric measurements of GWs, either by ground-based or space-based laser interferometers, and timing-residuals analyses with pulsar timing arrays (PTAs). These detection methods have been applied to real data both by large GW collaborations and smaller research groups, and the most recent and instructive results are reported here. We close this review with an outlook on future observations with third generation detectors, space-based interferometers, and potential noninterferometric detection methods proposed in the literature.
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| Additional Information: | © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Received: 16 December 2021 / Revised: 31 January 2022 / Accepted: 5 February 2022 / Published: 14 February 2022. (This article belongs to the Special Issue Present and Future of Gravitational Wave Astronomy). The authors thank Katerina Chatziioannou and Joseph Romano for precious comments on our original draft. AIR acknowledges the support of the National Science Foundation and the LIGO Laboratory. BG is supported by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research within the PRIN 2017 Research Program Framework, n. 2017SYRTCN. PMM was supported by the NANOGrav Physics Frontiers Center, National Science Foundation (NSF), award number 2020265. Parts of this research were conducted by the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery (OzGrav), through project number CE170100004. Author Contributions: Conceptualization: A.I.R., B.G., A.C.J. and P.M.M. Data curation: A.I.R., B.G., A.C.J. and P.M.M. Software: A.I.R., B.G., A.C.J. and P.M.M. Making of figures and tables: A.I.R., B.G. and A.C.J. Writing—original draft: A.I.R., B.G., A.C.J. and P.M.M. Writing—review & editing: A.I.R., B.G., A.C.J. and P.M.M. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Data Availability Statement: This manuscript shows figures created using the LVK open data [246,256], and publicly available PTA results presented in [26,54,275,285]. The authors declare no conflict of interest. | ||||||||||
| Group: | LIGO | ||||||||||
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| Subject Keywords: | gravitational waves; gravitational-wave backgrounds; stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds; stochastic searches of gravitational waves; gravitational-wave laser interferometers; pulsar timing arrays | ||||||||||
| Issue or Number: | 1 | ||||||||||
| DOI: | 10.3390/galaxies10010034 | ||||||||||
| Record Number: | CaltechAUTHORS:20220216-577676143 | ||||||||||
| Persistent URL: | https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220216-577676143 | ||||||||||
| Official Citation: | Renzini AI, Goncharov B, Jenkins AC, Meyers PM. Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Backgrounds: Current Detection Efforts and Future Prospects. Galaxies. 2022; 10(1):34. https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies10010034 | ||||||||||
| Usage Policy: | No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided. | ||||||||||
| ID Code: | 113476 | ||||||||||
| Collection: | CaltechAUTHORS | ||||||||||
| Deposited By: | George Porter | ||||||||||
| Deposited On: | 16 Feb 2022 10:04 | ||||||||||
| Last Modified: | 16 Feb 2022 22:33 |
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