Omta, Anne Willem and Heiny, Elizabeth A. and Rajakaruna, Harshana and Talmy, David and Follows, Michael J. (2023) Trophic model closure influences ecosystem response to enrichment. Ecological Modelling, 475 . Art. No. 110183. ISSN 0304-3800. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110183. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20221202-907217500.9
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Abstract
There exists considerable uncertainty about the most appropriate functional form to describe mortality at the highest trophic level (the closure problem). Although linear and quadratic formulations predict strongly different dynamics, it is unclear which of these formulations is more realistic. We introduce an implicit predator population feeding on the highest trophic level, parameterized through a Holling Type II functional response and empirically observed predator–prey scaling relations. Thus, we arrive at a hyperbolic mortality formulation that is a hybrid between the linear and quadratic forms. Subsequently, we investigate the impact of this formulation on the modeled population dynamics. In particular, we compare the stability properties of simple food-chain models with a hyperbolic mortality and a linear mortality. Contrary to classical theory, the model with a hyperbolic mortality does not exhibit destabilization due to nutrient enrichment. For this model, we find that limit cycles are rather associated with a top-heavy ecosystem structure (high predator, low prey densities). The weak response to enrichment emerges because populations of both the predator and prey increase with nutrient supply, consistent with observations. We discuss the mechanism behind the relationship between top-heaviness and instability from an ecological and a mathematical perspective.
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Additional Information: | HR and DT were supported by grants from the Simons Foundation, United States (Grant ID: 690671, DT) and the NSF, United States (OCE-2023680). AWO and MJF are grateful for support from the Simons Collaboration on Computational Biogeochemical Modeling of Marine Ecosystems/CBIOMES (Grant ID: 549931, MJF). The authors would like to thank Greg Britten for inspiring discussions. Model code is available through https://github.com/AWO-code/NPZ. | |||||||||
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DOI: | 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110183 | |||||||||
Record Number: | CaltechAUTHORS:20221202-907217500.9 | |||||||||
Persistent URL: | https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20221202-907217500.9 | |||||||||
Usage Policy: | No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided. | |||||||||
ID Code: | 118213 | |||||||||
Collection: | CaltechAUTHORS | |||||||||
Deposited By: | Research Services Depository | |||||||||
Deposited On: | 05 Jan 2023 17:10 | |||||||||
Last Modified: | 05 Jan 2023 17:10 |
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