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Low temperature synthesis of new highly graphitized N-doped carbon for Pt fuel cell supports, satisfying DOE 2025 durability standards for both catalyst and support

Lee, Ha-Young and Yu, Ted H. and Shin, Cheol-Hwan and Fortunelli, Alessandro and Ji, Sang Gu and Kim, Yujin and Kang, Tong-Hyun and Lee, Byong-June and Merinov, Boris V. and Goddard, William A., III and Choi, Chang Hyuck and Yu, Jong-Sung (2023) Low temperature synthesis of new highly graphitized N-doped carbon for Pt fuel cell supports, satisfying DOE 2025 durability standards for both catalyst and support. Applied Catalysis B, 323 . Art. No. 122179. ISSN 0926-3373. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2022.122179. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20221216-550372000.4

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Abstract

For polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), the state-of-the-art electrocatalysts are based on carbon-supported Pt group metals. However, current carbon supports suffer from carbon corrosion during repeated start-stop operations, causing performance degradation. We report a new strategy to produce highly graphitized carbon with controllable N-doping that uses low-temperature synthesis (650 ℃) from g-C₃N₄ carbon-nitrogen precursor with pyrolysis using Mg. The high graphiticity is confirmed by high-intensity 2D Raman peak with low I_D/I_G (0.57), pronounced graphitic XRD planes, and excellent conductivity. Without further post-treatment, this highly graphitized N-doped carbon (HGNC) material combines high pyrrolic-N content with high porosity. Supporting Pt on HGNC exhibits excellent oxygen reduction activity for PEMFC with greatly improved durability as proved by real-time loss measurements of Pt and carbon, the first to surpass the DOE 2025 durability targets for both catalyst and support. The Pt/HGNC-65 shows 32% and 24% drop in mass activity after accelerated durability tests of both electrocatalyst and support, respectively, which are less than DOE target of 40% loss. The atomistic basis for this durability is explained via quantum mechanics-based molecular dynamics simulations. Interestingly, it is found that pyrrolic-N strongly interacts with Pt, making the Pt catalyst more stable during fuel cell reaction.


Item Type:Article
Related URLs:
URLURL TypeDescription
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2022.122179DOIArticle
ORCID:
AuthorORCID
Lee, Ha-Young0000-0001-6177-6097
Yu, Ted H.0000-0003-3202-0981
Fortunelli, Alessandro0000-0001-5337-4450
Kim, Yujin0000-0002-8200-4683
Merinov, Boris V.0000-0002-2783-4262
Goddard, William A., III0000-0003-0097-5716
Choi, Chang Hyuck0000-0002-2231-6116
Yu, Jong-Sung0000-0002-8805-012X
Additional Information:This work was generously supported by NRF grant (NRF-2019R1A2C2086770 and NRF-2019M3A6A7023742) funded by the Korean government. H.Y.L., C.H.S., T.H.K.,B.J.L., and J.-S.Y. also would like to thank the Korean Basic Science Institute at Jeonju (SEM and HRTEM analysis), Daejeon (TEM analysis), and CCRF in DGIST. W.A.G. and B.V.M. thank ONR (N00014–18-1–2155) for support. W.A.G. and A.F. gratefully acknowledge support from NSF (CBET-1805022).
Funders:
Funding AgencyGrant Number
National Research Foundation of KoreaNRF-2019R1A2C2086770
National Research Foundation of KoreaNRF-2019M3A6A7023742
Office of Naval Research (ONR)N00014-18-1-2155
NSFCBET-1805022
Other Numbering System:
Other Numbering System NameOther Numbering System ID
WAG1550
DOI:10.1016/j.apcatb.2022.122179
Record Number:CaltechAUTHORS:20221216-550372000.4
Persistent URL:https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20221216-550372000.4
Usage Policy:No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.
ID Code:118393
Collection:CaltechAUTHORS
Deposited By: Research Services Depository
Deposited On:17 Dec 2022 03:52
Last Modified:17 Dec 2022 03:52

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