CaltechAUTHORS
  A Caltech Library Service

Characterizing habit learning in the human brain at the individual and group levels: a multi-modal MRI study

Gera, Rani and Bar Or, Maya and Tavor, Ido and Roll, Dana and Cockburn, Jeffrey and Barak, Segev and Tricomi, Elizabeth and O'Doherty, John P. and Schonberg, Tom (2022) Characterizing habit learning in the human brain at the individual and group levels: a multi-modal MRI study. . (Unpublished) https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230215-998373000.2

Full text is not posted in this repository. Consult Related URLs below.

Use this Persistent URL to link to this item: https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230215-998373000.2

Abstract

The dual-process theory of action control postulates that there are two competitive and complementary mechanisms that control our behavior: a goal-directed system that executes deliberate actions, explicitly aimed toward a particular outcome, and a habitual system that autonomously execute well-learned actions, typically following an encounter with a previously associated cue. In line with dual-process theory, animal studies have provided convincing evidence for dissociable neural mechanisms, mainly manifested in cortico-striatal regions, involved in goal-directed and habitual action control. While substantial progress has been made in characterizing the neural mechanism underlying habit learning in animals, we still lack knowledge on how habits are formed and maintained in the human brain. Thus far only one study, conducted more than a decade ago by Tricomi et al. (2009), has been able to induce habitual behavior in humans via extensive training. This study also implicated the posterior putamen in the process, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, recent attempts to replicate the behavioral results of this study were not successful. This leaves the research of human habits, and particularly the research of their formation through extensive repetition, as well as their neural basis, limited and far behind the animal research in the field. This motivated us to (1) attempt to replicate the behavioral and imaging main findings of Tricomi et al., (2) identify further functional and microstructural neural modifications associated with habit formation and manifestation, and (3) investigate the relationships between functional and structural plasticity and individual differences in habit expression. To this end, in this registered report we used Tricomi et al.’s free-operant task along with multi-modal MRI methods in a well-powered sample (n=123). In this task participants’ sensitivity to outcome devaluation (an index of goal-directed/habitual action control) is tested following either short or extensive training. In contrast to our hypothesis, we were not able to demonstrate habit formation as a function of training duration nor were we able to relate any functional or microstructural plasticity in the putamen with individual habit expression. We found that a pattern of increased activations in the left head of caudate that re-occurred across each day’s training is associated with goal directed behavior and that increased processing of devalued cues in low-level visual regions was indicative of goal-directed behavior (and vice versa). In a follow-up exploratory analysis comparing habitual and goal-directed subgroups within each experimental group, we found that elevated activations in frontoparietal regions during early stages of training, as well as increased reactivity towards still-valued cues in somatosensory and superior parietal regions were found in individuals that were more inclined to perform goal-directed behavior (compared with more habitual individuals). Taken together, regions commonly implicated in goal-directed behavior were most predictive of individual habit expression. Finally, we also found that differential patterns of training-related microstructural plasticity, as measured with diffusion MRI, in midbrain dopaminergic regions were associated with habit expression. This work provides new insights into the neural dynamics involved in individual habit formation/expression and encourages the development and testing of new, more sensitive, procedures for experimental habit induction in humans.


Item Type:Report or Paper (Discussion Paper)
Related URLs:
URLURL TypeDescription
https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.12.12.520188DOIDiscussion Paper
https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230502-330322900.6Related ItemJournal Article
ORCID:
AuthorORCID
Gera, Rani0000-0003-1888-4337
Bar Or, Maya0000-0001-5537-8930
Tavor, Ido0000-0002-9117-4449
Cockburn, Jeffrey0000-0003-2004-8653
Barak, Segev0000-0002-3143-6777
Tricomi, Elizabeth0000-0002-3659-2656
O'Doherty, John P.0000-0003-0016-3531
Schonberg, Tom0000-0002-4485-816X
Additional Information:The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY 4.0 International license. We are thankful to Jasmine Segal, Miri Goldman and Danielle Cohen who helped us with recruitment and data collection. This work was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) [grant number 715016]; and the Israeli Science Foundation [grant number 1798/15 and 1996/20]. Rani Gera was supported by the Fields-Rayant Minducate Learning Innovation Research Center.
Group:Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Neuroscience
Funders:
Funding AgencyGrant Number
European Research Council (ERC)715016
Israel Science Foundation1798/15
Israel Science Foundation1996/20
Tel Aviv UniversityUNSPECIFIED
DOI:10.1101/2022.12.12.520188
Record Number:CaltechAUTHORS:20230215-998373000.2
Persistent URL:https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230215-998373000.2
Usage Policy:No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.
ID Code:119300
Collection:CaltechAUTHORS
Deposited By: George Porter
Deposited On:15 Feb 2023 23:19
Last Modified:17 May 2023 14:02

Repository Staff Only: item control page