Korhonen, P. and Kulmala, M. and Laaksonen, Ari and Viisanen, Y. and McGraw, R. and Seinfeld, J. H. (1999) Ternary nucleation of H₂SO₄, NH₃, and H₂O in the atmosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres, 104 (D21). pp. 26349-26353. ISSN 2169-897X. doi:10.1029/1999jd900784. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230222-175085400.7
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Abstract
Classical theory of binary homogeneous nucleation is extended to the ternary system H₂SO₄-NH₃-H₂O. For NH₃ mixing ratios exceeding about 1 ppt, the presence of NH₃ enhances the binary H₂SO₄-H₂O nucleation rate by several orders of magnitude. The Gibbs free energies of formation of the critical H₂SO₄-NH₃-H₂O cluster, as calculated by two independent approaches, are in substantial agreement. The finding that the H₂SO₄-NH₃-H₂O ternary nucleation rate is independent of relative humidity over a large range of H₂SO₄ concentrations has wide atmospheric consequences. The limiting component for ternary H₂SO₄-NH₃-H₂O nucleation is, as in the binary H₂SO₄-H₂O case, H₂SO₄; however, the H₂SO₄ concentration needed to achieve significant nucleation rates is several orders of magnitude below that required in the binary case.
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Alternate Title: | Ternary nucleation of H2SO4, NH3, and H2O in the atmosphere | ||||||||||||
Additional Information: | This work was supported, in part, by Academy of Finland projects 43975 and 36594, by European Union project ENV 4-CT97-0405, NASA through interagency agreement W-18,429, and by National Science Foundation grant ATM-9614105. | ||||||||||||
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Issue or Number: | D21 | ||||||||||||
DOI: | 10.1029/1999jd900784 | ||||||||||||
Record Number: | CaltechAUTHORS:20230222-175085400.7 | ||||||||||||
Persistent URL: | https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230222-175085400.7 | ||||||||||||
Usage Policy: | No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided. | ||||||||||||
ID Code: | 119454 | ||||||||||||
Collection: | CaltechAUTHORS | ||||||||||||
Deposited By: | Tony Diaz | ||||||||||||
Deposited On: | 22 Feb 2023 19:16 | ||||||||||||
Last Modified: | 22 Feb 2023 19:16 |
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