Hashemi Talkhooncheh, Arian and Zhang, Weiwei and Wang, Minwo and Thomson, David J. and Ebert, Martin and Ke, Li and Reed, Graham T. and Emami, Azita (2023) A 100-Gb/s PAM4 Optical Transmitter in a 3-D-Integrated SiPh-CMOS Platform Using Segmented MOSCAP Modulators. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 58 (1). pp. 30-44. ISSN 0018-9200. doi:10.1109/jssc.2022.3210906. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230227-664835000.2
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Abstract
This article presents a 100-Gb/s four-level pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM4) optical transmitter system implemented in a 3-D-integrated silicon photonics-CMOS platform. The photonics chip includes a push–pull segmented Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM) structure using highly capacitive (415 fF–1.1 pF), yet optically efficient ( V_πL=0.8V⋅ cm) metal–oxide–silicon capacitor (MOSCAP) phase modulators. Two pairs of U-shaped modulator segments with effective lengths of 170 and 450 μm are driven at 50 GBd by a dual-channel 28-nm CMOS driver, which is flip-chip bonded to the photonics chip. The driver cores utilize digitally controllable pre-distortion (PD) and inductive peaking to achieve sufficient electro-optical bandwidth (EOBW). The drivers deliver 1.2-Vppd swing to modulators using a 0.9-V supply and on-chip serializers that generate 50-Gb/s data streams. The electronics chip consumes 240 mW achieving 2.4-pJ/bit energy efficiency. The overall EOBW, without any PD, is increased by approximately 56% and 48% for the 170- and 450- μm segments, respectively, when compared to their EOBW measured by 65-GHz 50-Ω terminated probes. The optical input power to the photonics chip is +10 dBm, and an erbium-doped fiber amplifier amplifies output signals by 11 dB. The 50-Gb/s nonreturn to zero (NRZ) optical raw eye diagram exhibits 4.3-dB extinction ratio (ER) and 1.2 dBm of optical modulation amplitude (OMA). The 100-Gb/s PAM4 optical raw eye diagram shows 4.3-dB ER and 1.4-dBm OMA with a transmitter dispersion eye closure quaternary (TDECQ) of 1.53 dB after a five-tap feed-forward-equalization (FFE) filter. The PAM4 TDECQ changes by 53% when the temperature is increased from 30 °C to 90 °C at the optimum forward bias voltage of 1 V.
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Additional Information: | This work was supported by Rockley Photonics and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) through the Prosperity Partnership EP/R003076/1, in part by EPSRC Platform under Grant EP/N013247/1, in part by EPSRC Strategic Equipment under Grant EP/T019697/1, and in part by European Commission H2020 PICTURE Project under Grant 780930. The work by David J. Thomson was supported by the Royal Society for his University Research under Grant UF150325. The authors would like to thank Aaron Zilkie, Roshanak Shafiiha, David Nelson, and other team members from Rockley Photonics, Pasadena, CA, USA, for their continuous technical support and funding.The authors would like to thank Aaron Zilkie, Roshanak Shafiiha, David Nelson, and other team members from Rockley Photonics, Pasadena, CA, USA, for their continuous technical support and funding. | ||||||||||||||
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Issue or Number: | 1 | ||||||||||||||
DOI: | 10.1109/jssc.2022.3210906 | ||||||||||||||
Record Number: | CaltechAUTHORS:20230227-664835000.2 | ||||||||||||||
Persistent URL: | https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230227-664835000.2 | ||||||||||||||
Usage Policy: | No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided. | ||||||||||||||
ID Code: | 119513 | ||||||||||||||
Collection: | CaltechAUTHORS | ||||||||||||||
Deposited By: | George Porter | ||||||||||||||
Deposited On: | 28 Feb 2023 03:25 | ||||||||||||||
Last Modified: | 28 Feb 2023 03:25 |
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