Dense coding for continuous variables

Abstract

A scheme to achieve dense quantum coding for the quadrature amplitudes of the electromagnetic field is presented. The protocol utilizes shared entanglement provided by nondegenerate parametric down-conversion in the limit of large gain to attain high efficiency. For a constraint in the mean number of photons n̄ associated with modulation in the signal channel, the channel capacity for dense coding is found to be ln(1+n̄+n̄^2), which always beats coherent-state communication and surpasses squeezed-state communication for n̄>1. For n̄≫1, the dense coding capacity approaches twice that of either scheme.