The Dense Molecular Gas in the Circumnuclear Disk of NGC 1068

Kamenetzky, J. and Glenn, J. and Maloney, P. R. and Aguirre, J. E. and Bock, J. J. and Bradford, C. M. and Earle, L. and Inami, H. and Matsuhara, H. and Murphy, E. J. and Naylor, B. J. and Nguyen, H. T. and Zmuidzinas, J. (2011) The Dense Molecular Gas in the Circumnuclear Disk of NGC 1068. Astrophysical Journal, 731 (2). Art. No. 83. ISSN 0004-637X. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20110518-111113979

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Abstract

We present a 190-307 GHz broadband spectrum obtained with Z-Spec of NGC 1068 with new measurements of molecular rotational transitions. After combining our measurements with those previously published and considering the specific geometry of this Seyfert 2 galaxy, we conduct a multi-species Bayesian likelihood analysis of the density, temperature, and relative molecular abundances of HCN, HNC, CS, and HCO+. We find that these molecules trace warm (T>100 K) gas of H_2 number densities 10^(4.2)-10^(4.9) cm^(–3). Our models also place strong constraints on the column densities and relative abundances of these molecules, as well as on the total mass in the circumnuclear disk. Using the uniform calibration afforded by the broad Z-Spec bandpass, we compare our line ratios to X-ray-dominated region (XDR) and photon-dominated region models. The majority of our line ratios are consistent with the XDR models at the densities indicated by the likelihood analysis, lending substantial support to the emerging interpretation that the energetics in the circumnuclear disk of NGC 1068 are dominated by accretion onto an active galactic nucleus.

Item Type:

Article

Related URLs:

URL	URL Type	Description
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/731/2/83	DOI	Article
http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/731/2/83	Publisher	Article

ORCID:

Author	ORCID
Glenn, J.	0000-0001-7527-2017
Aguirre, J. E.	0000-0002-4810-666X
Bock, J. J.	0000-0002-5710-5212
Bradford, C. M.	0000-0001-5261-7094
Inami, H.	0000-0003-4268-0393
Murphy, E. J.	0000-0001-7089-7325

Additional Information:

© 2011 American Astronomical Society. Received 2010 October 12; accepted 2011 February 17; published 2011 March 25. We thank the anonymous referee for a thorough and constructive report, and we also express our gratitude to the staff at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. We acknowledge the following grants and fellowships in support of this work: NASA SARA grants NAGS-11911 and NAGS-12788, an NSF Career grant AST-0239270, and a Research Corporation Award RI0928 to J.G.; a Caltech Millikan fellowship and JPL Director’s fellowship to C.M.B.; an NRAO Jansky fellowship and NSF grant AST-087990 to J.E.A.; a NASA GSRP fellowship to L.E.; and an NSF GRFP fellowship to J.K.

Funders:

Funding Agency	Grant Number
NASA	NAGS-11911
NASA	NAGS-12788
NSF	AST-0239270
Research Corporation	RI0928
Caltech Millikan Fellowship	UNSPECIFIED
JPL Director’s Fellowship	UNSPECIFIED
NRAO Jansky Fellowship	UNSPECIFIED
NSF	AST-087990
NASA Graduate Student Research Fellowship	UNSPECIFIED

Subject Keywords:

galaxies: individual (NGC 1068); galaxies: ISM; galaxies: Seyfert; ISM: molecules

Issue or Number:

Classification Code:

PACS: 98.54.Cm; 98.58.Bz; 98.62.Qz; 95.85.Fm; 98.62.Py

Record Number:

CaltechAUTHORS:20110518-111113979

Persistent URL:

https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20110518-111113979

Official Citation:

The Dense Molecular Gas in the Circumnuclear Disk of NGC 1068 J. Kamenetzky et al. 2011 ApJ 731 83

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No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.

ID Code:

23715

Collection:

CaltechAUTHORS

Deposited By:

Jason Perez

Deposited On:

18 May 2011 20:09

Last Modified:

09 Mar 2020 13:18

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