Failure of Gutzwiller-type wave function to capture gauge fluctuations: Case study in the exciton Bose liquid context

Abstract

Slave particle approaches are widely used in studies of exotic quantum phases. A complete description beyond mean field also contains dynamical gauge fields, while a simplified procedure considers Gutzwiller-projected trial states. We apply this in the context of bosonic models with ring exchanges realizing so-called exciton Bose liquid (EBL) phase and compare a Gutzwiller wave function against an accurate EBL wave function. We solve the parton-gauge theory and show that dynamical fluctuations of the spatial gauge fields are necessary for obtaining qualitatively accurate EBL description. On the contrary, just the Gutzwiller projection leads to a state with subtle differences in the long-wavelength properties, thus suggesting that Gutzwiller wave functions may generally fail to capture long-wavelength physics.