Fast Bayesian Support Vector Machine Parameter Tuning with the Nystrom Method

Abstract

We experiment with speeding up a Bayesian method for tuning the hyperparameters of a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. The Bayesian approach gives the gradients of the evidence as averages over the posterior, which can be approximated using hybrid Monte Carlo simulation (HMC). By using the Nystrom approximation to the SVM kernel, our method significantly reduces the dimensionality of the space to be simulated in the HMC. We show that this speeds up the running time of the HMC simulation from O(n^2) (with a large prefactor) to effectively O(n), where n is the number of training samples. We conclude that the Nystrom approximation has an almost insignificant effect on the performance of the algorithm when compared to the full Bayesian method, and gives excellent performance in comparison with other approaches to hyperparameter tuning.