Hillenbrand, Lynne A. and Hoffer, Aaron S. and Herczeg, Gregory J. (2013) An Enhanced Spectroscopic Census of the Orion Nebula Cluster. Astronomical Journal, 146 (4). Art. No. 85. ISSN 0004-6256. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/146/4/85. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130805-074432674
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Abstract
We report new spectral types or spectral classification constraints for over 600 stars in the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC) based on medium resolution (R ≈ 1500-2000) red optical spectra acquired using the Palomar 200'' and Kitt Peak 3.5 m telescopes. Spectral types were initially estimated for F, G, and early K stars from atomic line indices while for late K and M stars, which constitute the majority of our sample, indices involving TiO and VO bands were used. To ensure proper classification, particularly for reddened, veiled, or nebula-contaminated stars, all spectra were then visually examined for type verification or refinement. We provide an updated spectral type table that supersedes previous work, increasing the percentage of optically visible ONC stars with spectral type information from 68% to 90%. However, for many objects, repeated observations have failed to yield spectral types primarily due to the challenges of adequate sky subtraction against a bright and spatially variable nebular background. The scatter between our new and our previously determined spectral types is approximately two spectral sub-classes. We also compare our grating spectroscopy results with classification based on narrow-band TiO filter photometry, finding similar scatter. While the challenges of working in the ONC may explain much of the spread, we highlight several stars showing significant and unexplained bona fide spectral variations in observations taken several years apart; these and similar cases could be due to a combination of accretion and extinction changes. Finally, nearly 20% of ONC stars exhibit obvious Ca II triplet emission indicative of strong accretion.
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Additional Information: | © 2013 The American Astronomical Society. Received 2013 March 26; accepted 2013 June 7; published 2013 September 5. We acknowledge with gratitude the expert assistance of Todd Small concerning usage of the Palomar/Norris spectrograph and its data products as well as team HYDRA at KPNO/WIYN. Emma Hovanec helped with the measurement and tabulation of emission lines. We thank Nicola da Rio for providing material that enabled the comparison shown in Figure 10. Some financing for the middle stages of this work was provided in the mid- 2000’s through the HST/Treasury program on the ONC (PI: Massimo Robberto). This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. Facilities: Hale (Norris), WIYN:0.9m (HYDRA) | ||||||||||||
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Subject Keywords: | stars: pre-main sequence | ||||||||||||
Issue or Number: | 4 | ||||||||||||
DOI: | 10.1088/0004-6256/146/4/85 | ||||||||||||
Record Number: | CaltechAUTHORS:20130805-074432674 | ||||||||||||
Persistent URL: | https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130805-074432674 | ||||||||||||
Official Citation: | An Enhanced Spectroscopic Census of the Orion Nebula Cluster Lynne A. Hillenbrand et al. 2013 The Astronomical Journal 146 85 | ||||||||||||
Usage Policy: | No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided. | ||||||||||||
ID Code: | 39750 | ||||||||||||
Collection: | CaltechAUTHORS | ||||||||||||
Deposited By: | Tony Diaz | ||||||||||||
Deposited On: | 12 Aug 2013 21:07 | ||||||||||||
Last Modified: | 09 Nov 2021 23:46 |
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