Kanamori, Hiroo and Mori, Jim and Harkrider, David G.
(1994)
Excitation of atmospheric oscillations by volcanic eruptions.
Journal of Geophysical Research B, 99
(B11).
pp. 21947-21961.
ISSN 0148-0227.
https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140317-111546477
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Abstract
We investigated the mechanism of atmospheric oscillations with periods of about 300 s which were observed for the 1991 Pinatubo and the 1982 El Chichón eruptions. Two distinct spectral peaks, at T = 270 and 230 s for the Pinatubo eruption and at T = 195 and 266 s for the El Chichón eruptions, have been reported. We found similar oscillations for the 1980 Mount St. Helens and the 1883 Krakatoa eruptions. To explain these observations, we investigated excitation problems for two types of idealized sources, “mass injection” and “energy injection” sources, placed in an isothermal atmosphere. In general, two modes of oscillations, “acoustic” and “gravity” modes, can be excited. For realistic atmospheric parameters, the acoustic and gravity modes have a period of 275 and 304 s, respectively. For a realistic time history of eruption, atmospheric oscillations with an amplitude of 50 to 100 Pa (0.5 to 1 mbar) can be excited by an energy injection source with a total energy of 10^17 J. This result is consistent with the observations and provides a physical basis for interpretation of atmospheric oscillations excited by volcanic eruptions.
Item Type: | Article |
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Additional Information: | © 1994 American Geophysical Union.
Manuscript Accepted: 8 August 1994; Manuscript Received: 8 October 1993.
Acknowledgments. We thank Andy Ingersoll for helpful
discussions which motivated us to conduct this study.
Discussions with Don Anderson and Tom Heaton helped us
improve our understanding of the eruption process. We
thank Raymond Hide for enlightening discussion on the
physics of atmospheric waves. Reviews by Toshiro Tanimoto and Rudolph Widmer contributed to improvement of the manuscript. We thank George Stephens and Mike Matson, who provided us with the satellite image shown in Figure 11. This research was partially supported by the National Science Foundation grant EAR-92 18809. This is contribution 5320, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125. |
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Funders: | Funding Agency | Grant Number |
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NSF | EAR-92 18809 |
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Other Numbering System: | Other Numbering System Name | Other Numbering System ID |
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Caltech Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences | 5320 |
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Issue or Number: | B11 |
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Record Number: | CaltechAUTHORS:20140317-111546477 |
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Persistent URL: | https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140317-111546477 |
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Official Citation: | Kanamori, H., J. Mori, and D. G. Harkrider (1994), Excitation of atmospheric oscillations by volcanic eruptions, J. Geophys. Res., 99(B11), 21947–21961, doi:10.1029/94JB01475. |
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Usage Policy: | No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided. |
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ID Code: | 44350 |
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Collection: | CaltechAUTHORS |
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Deposited By: |
Jason Perez
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Deposited On: | 19 Mar 2014 18:25 |
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Last Modified: | 03 Oct 2019 06:17 |
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