Persistence of locality in systems with power-law interactions

Abstract

Motivated by recent experiments with ultra-cold matter, we derive a new bound on the propagation of information in D-dimensional lattice models exhibiting 1/r^α interactions with α > D. The bound contains two terms: One accounts for the short-ranged part of the interactions, giving rise to a bounded velocity and reflecting the persistence of locality out to intermediate distances, while the other contributes a power-law decay at longer distances. We demonstrate that these two contributions not only bound but, except at long times, qualitatively reproduce the short- and long-distance dynamical behavior following a local quench in an XY chain and a transverse-field Ising chain. In addition to describing dynamics in numerous intractable long-range interacting lattice models, our results can be experimentally verifed in a variety of ultracold-atomic and solid-state systems.