Zhao, X.-A. and So, F. C. T. and Nicolet, M-A. (1988) TiAl3 formation by furnace annealing of Ti/Al bilayers and the effect of impurities. Journal of Applied Physics, 63 (8). pp. 2600-2607. ISSN 0021-8979. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:ZHAjap88
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Abstract
Reactions of Ti/Al couples induced by furnace annealing were investigated (at elevated temperature) using large-grained Al substrates and vacuum-evaporated bilayers of both sequences. 4 He MeV backscattering spectrometry was principally used to monitor the reactions. Profiles of oxygen impurity were obtained by elastic 16 O(alpha,alpha)16 O resonant scattering. In the range of 460–515 °C, TiAl3 forms as a laterally uniform layer at the Ti/Al interface. The thickness of this compound layer increases as (annealing time)1/2. The activation energy is 1.9–2.0±0.1 eV. For evaporated bilayers on an oxidized Si substrate, the sequence of the bilayers does not effect the growth mechanism of TiAl3 , but the growth rate of samples with the Ti on top is lower than that of samples with Al on top, that is, oxygen in Ti/Al samples can reduce the reaction rate by decreasing the pre-exponential factor. Oxygen already contained in the Ti film and oxygen from the annealing ambient are incorporated in the growing TiAl3 compound during thermal annealing. In addition, a TiAl3 layer also forms at the free Ti surface during vacuum annealing when the oxygen-containing contaminants in the ambient are minimized. So far, we succeeded in accomplishing this only for large-grained Al substrates. We conclude that the formation of the TiAl3 compound at the surface is controlled by nucleation and depends sensitively on the condition of the surface layer of the Ti film.
Item Type: | Article | ||||||
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Additional Information: | Copyright © 1988 American Institute of Physics (Received 31 August 1987; accepted 8 December 1987) We are grateful to R. Gorris for technical assistance and Dr. A. J. Brunner for helpful discussions. This work was financially supported in part by the Office of Naval Research under Contract No. N00014-84-K-0275. | ||||||
Subject Keywords: | NUCLEATION; ANNEALING; HELIUM IONS; BACKSCATTERING; TITANIUM COMPOUNDS; ALUMINIUM COMPOUNDS; ACTIVATION ENERGY; IMPURITIES; BILAYERS; TITANIUM; ALUMINIUM; SURFACE REACTIONS; FILM GROWTH; THIN FILMS; SYNTHESIS; HIGH TEMPERATURE; DIFFUSION; ATOM TRANSPORT; KINETICS; GRAIN SIZE; POLYCRYSTALS; SILICON | ||||||
Issue or Number: | 8 | ||||||
Record Number: | CaltechAUTHORS:ZHAjap88 | ||||||
Persistent URL: | https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:ZHAjap88 | ||||||
Usage Policy: | No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided. | ||||||
ID Code: | 4774 | ||||||
Collection: | CaltechAUTHORS | ||||||
Deposited By: | Archive Administrator | ||||||
Deposited On: | 06 Sep 2006 | ||||||
Last Modified: | 02 Oct 2019 23:16 |
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