Sieh, Kerry
(1978)
Slip along the San Andreas fault associated with the great 1857 earthquake.
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 68
(5).
pp. 1421-1448.
ISSN 0037-1106.
https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140917-130334445
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Abstract
Historical records indicate that several meters of lateral slip along the San Andreas fault accompanied the great 1857 earthquake in central and southern California. These records, together with dendrochronological evidence, suggest that the rupture occurred along 360 to 400+ km of the fault, including several tens of kilometers of the currently creeping reach in central California.
Geomorphic expressions of late Holocene right-lateral offsets are abundant along the 1857 rupture. Along 300 kilometers of the 1857 rupture, between Cholame and Wrightwood, the youngest discernible offset ranges from 3 to 9 1/2 meters. Dormancy of the fault since 1857 almost certainly indicates that this latest offset was created in 1857.
Fault slip apparently associated with the 1857 earthquake varies in a broadly systematic way along the trace of the fault. It is relatively uniform along each of several long segments, but changes rather abruptly in value between these segments. This nonuniform displacement pattern may imply that some segments of the fault rupture more frequently or experience a slower long-term slip rate than others.
The 1857 offsets indicate a seismic moment, m_o, between 5.3 and 8.7 × 10^(27) dyne-cm, assuming a 10- to 15-km depth of rupture and relatively uniform slip as a function of depth. A comparison with the rupture length, average slip value, and tectonic setting of the California earthquake of 1906 (M_s = 8 1/4) indicates a value of M = 8 1/4 + for the 1857 event.
Item Type: | Article |
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Additional Information: | © 1978 Seismological Society of America.
Manuscript received September 28, 1977.
I am especially grateful to Dick Jahns for his guidance and counsel during the formulation and
execution of this work and to Clarence Allen, Malcolm Clark, Bob Sharp, and Bob Wallace for their help
and advice. Assistance from and discussions with other friends, relatives, and colleagues too numerous to
mention by name were critical to the completion of this report, and I am thankful for their interest and
help.
U.S. Geological Survey Contract 14-08-0001-15225 supported this study, and a grant from the Stanford
University Geology Department Shell Fund enabled preliminary investigations. |
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Funders: | Funding Agency | Grant Number |
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USGS | 14-08-0001-15225 | Stanford University Geology Department Shell Fund | UNSPECIFIED |
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Other Numbering System: | Other Numbering System Name | Other Numbering System ID |
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Caltech Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences | 3151 |
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Issue or Number: | 5 |
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Record Number: | CaltechAUTHORS:20140917-130334445 |
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Persistent URL: | https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140917-130334445 |
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Usage Policy: | No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided. |
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ID Code: | 49783 |
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Collection: | CaltechAUTHORS |
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Deposited By: |
Tony Diaz
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Deposited On: | 18 Sep 2014 02:58 |
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Last Modified: | 09 Mar 2020 13:19 |
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