Ma, Kuo-Fong and Satake, Kenji and Kanamori, Hiroo
(1994)
The Origin of the Tsunami Excited by the Earthquake – Faulting or Slumping.
In:
The Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 17, 1989 - Hydrologic Disturbances.
U.S. Geological Survey professional paper.
No.1551-E.
United States Geological Survey
, Washington, DC, pp. 3-9.
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Abstract
The first arrival of the tsunami recorded at Monterey,
California, was about 10 min after the origin time of the
earthquake. Using an elastic half space, we computed vertical
ground displacements for many different fault models
for the Loma Prieta earthquake and used them as the
initial condition for computation of the tsunami in Monterey
Bay. The synthetic tsunami computed for the uniform
dislocation model determined from seismic data can explain
the arrival time, polarity, and amplitude of the beginning
of the tsunami. However, the period of the
synthetic tsunami is too long compared with the observed.
We tested other fault models with more localized slip distribution.
None of the models could explain the observed
period. The residual waveform, the observed minus the
synthetic waveform, begins as a downward motion at
about 18 min after the origin time of the earthquake and
could be interpreted as due to a secondary source near
Moss Landing. If the large-scale slumping near Moss
Landing suggested by an eyewitness observation occurred
about 9 min after the origin time of the earthquake, it
could explain the residual waveform. To account for the amplitude of the observed tsunami, the volume of sediments
involved in the slumping is approximately 0.012 km^3. Thus the most likely cause of the tsunami observed
at Monterey is the combination of the vertical uplift of the
sea floor due to the main faulting and a large-scale slumping
near Moss Landing.
Item Type: | Book Section |
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Alternate Title: | The Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 17, 1989: Earthquake Occurrence |
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Additional Information: | © 1994 USGS.
This work was supported by National
Science Foundation grant EAR 89-15987 and U.S.
Geological Survey grant 14-08-001-G1832. Contribution
No. 4949, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences,
California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California. |
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Funders: | Funding Agency | Grant Number |
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NSF | EAR 89-15987 | USGS | 14-08-001-G1832 |
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Other Numbering System: | Other Numbering System Name | Other Numbering System ID |
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Caltech Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences | 4949 |
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Series Name: | U.S. Geological Survey professional paper |
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Issue or Number: | 1551-E |
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Record Number: | CaltechAUTHORS:20141111-140457823 |
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Persistent URL: | https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20141111-140457823 |
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Usage Policy: | No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided. |
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ID Code: | 51594 |
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Collection: | CaltechAUTHORS |
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Deposited By: |
Tony Diaz
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Deposited On: | 11 Nov 2014 22:18 |
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Last Modified: | 09 Mar 2020 13:19 |
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