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Deja Vu All Over Again: The Reappearance of Supernova Refsdal

Kelly, P. L. and Rodney, S. A. and Treu, T. and Strolger, L.-G. and Foley, R. J. and Jha, S. W. and Selsing, J. and Brammer, G. and Bradač, M. and Cenko, S. B. and Graur, O. and Filippenko, A. V. and Hjorth, J. and McCully, C. and Molino, A. and Nonino, M. and Riess, A. G. and Schmidt, K. B. and Tucker, B. and von der Linden, A. and Weiner, B. J. and Zitrin, A. (2016) Deja Vu All Over Again: The Reappearance of Supernova Refsdal. Astrophysical Journal, 819 (1). Art. No. L8. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.3847/2041-8205/819/1/L8. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160317-084103898

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Abstract

In Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging taken on 2014 November 10, four images of supernova (SN) "Refsdal" (redshift z = 1.49) appeared in an Einstein-cross-like configuration (images S1–S4) around an early-type galaxy in the cluster MACS J1149.5+2223 (z = 0.54). Almost all lens models of the cluster have predicted that the SN should reappear within a year in a second host-galaxy image created by the cluster's potential. In HST observations taken on 2015 December 11, we find a new source at the predicted position of the new image of SN Refsdal approximately $8^{\prime\prime}$ from the previous images S1–S4. This marks the first time the appearance of a SN at a particular time and location in the sky was successfully predicted in advance! We use these data and the light curve from the first four observed images of SN Refsdal to place constraints on the relative time delay and magnification of the new image (SX) compared to images S1–S4. This enables us, for the first time, to test "blind" lens model predictions of both magnifications and time delays for a lensed SN. We find that the timing and brightness of the new image are consistent with the blind predictions of a fraction of the models. The reappearance illustrates the discriminatory power of this blind test and its utility to uncover sources of systematic uncertainty. From planned HST photometry, we expect to reach a precision of 1%–2% on the time delay between S1–S4 and SX.

Item Type:Article
Related URLs:
URLURL TypeDescription
http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8205/819/1/L8DOIArticle
http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8205/819/1/L8/metaPublisherArticle
http://arxiv.org/abs/1512.04654arXivDiscussion Paper
ORCID:
AuthorORCID
Kelly, P. L.0000-0003-3142-997X
Rodney, S. A.0000-0003-1947-687X
Treu, T.0000-0002-8460-0390
Jha, S. W.0000-0001-8738-6011
Cenko, S. B.0000-0003-1673-970X
Filippenko, A. V.0000-0003-3460-0103
Hjorth, J.0000-0002-4571-2306
McCully, C.0000-0001-5807-7893
Nonino, M.0000-0001-6342-9662
Zitrin, A.0000-0002-0350-4488
Additional Information:© 2016 American Astronomical Society. Received 2015 December 11; accepted 2016 February 6; published 2016 February 24. We express our appreciation for the efforts of Program Coordinator Beth Periello and Contact Scientist Norbert Pirzkal of STScI. Support for the analysis in this paper is from HST grant GO-14041. The GLASS program is supported by GO-13459, and the FrontierSN photometric follow-up program has funding through GO-13386. A.Z. is supported by Hubble Fellowship (HF2-51334.001-A) awarded by STScI, which is operated for NASA by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under contract NAS 5-26555. R.J.F. gratefully acknowledges support from NSF grant AST-1518052 and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. A.V.F.'s group at UC Berkeley has received generous financial assistance from the Christopher R. Redlich Fund, the TABASGO Foundation, and NSF grant AST-1211916. M.N. acknowledges PRIN-INAF 2014 1.05.01.94.02. This supernova research at Rutgers University is supported by NSF CAREER award AST-0847157, as well as NASA/Keck JPL RSA 1508337 and 1520634, to S.W.J.
Funders:
Funding AgencyGrant Number
NASA Hubble FellowshipGO-14041
NASAGO-13459
Hubble Space Telescope (HST)GO-13386
NASAHF2-51334.001-A
NASANAS 5-26555
NSFAST-1518052
Alfred P. Sloan FoundationUNSPECIFIED
Christopher R. Redlich FundUNSPECIFIED
TABASGO FoundationUNSPECIFIED
NSFAST-1211916
Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI)1.05.01.94.02
NSFAST-0847157
NASA/Keck JPL1508337
NASA/Keck JPL1520634
David and Lucile Packard FoundationUNSPECIFIED
Subject Keywords:galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: individual (MACS J1149.5+2223) ; gravitational lensing: strong; supernovae: general; supernovae: individual (SN Refsdal)
Issue or Number:1
DOI:10.3847/2041-8205/819/1/L8
Record Number:CaltechAUTHORS:20160317-084103898
Persistent URL:https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160317-084103898
Official Citation:P. L. Kelly et al 2016 ApJ 819 L8
Usage Policy:No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.
ID Code:65415
Collection:CaltechAUTHORS
Deposited By: Ruth Sustaita
Deposited On:17 Mar 2016 19:56