Chelators for Radioimmunotherapy: I. NMR and Ab Initio Calculation Studies on 1,4,7,10-Tetra(carboxyethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (DO4Pr) and 1,4,7-Tris(carboxymethyl)-10-(carboxyethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (DO3A1Pr)

Abstract

This work describes the modification of the chelating agent 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N‘,N‘ ‘,N‘ ‘‘-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) to improve the rate of metal loading for radioimmunotherapy applications. Previous ab initio calculations predicted that the compounds 1,4,7,10-tetra(carboxyethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (DO4Pr) and 1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-10-(carboxyethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (DO3A1Pr) have a ca. 2000-fold improvement in yttrium metal loading rates compared to those of DOTA (Jang, Y. H.; Blanco, M.; Dasgupta, S.; Keire, D. A.; Shively, J. E.; Goddard, W. A., III. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 6142−6151). In this study, we report the synthesis, purification, 1H-NMR chemical shift assignments, pKa values, metal loading rate measurements, and additional ab initio calculations of these two compounds. The yttrium loading rates of DO3A1Pr are approximately twice those of DOTA, at pH 4.6 and 37 °C. The NMR data indicates that the DO4Pr analogue forms a stable type I complex but does not form a type II complex. The new ab initio calculations performed on DO4Pr and DO3A1Pr indicate that the rate-determining step is the deprotonation of the first macrocycle amine proton, not the second proton as assumed in the previous calculations. The new calculations predict an improvement in the rate of metal loading that more closely matches the experimentally observed change in the rate.