Lu, George J. and Chou, Li-dek and Malounda, Dina and Patel, Amit K. and Welsbie, Derek S. and Chao, Daniel L. and Ramalingam, Tirunelveli and Shapiro, Mikhail G. (2020) Genetically Encodable Contrast Agents for Optical Coherence Tomography. ACS Nano, 14 (7). pp. 7823-7831. ISSN 1936-0851. PMCID PMC7685218. doi:10.1021/acsnano.9b08432. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190401-103122114
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Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has gained wide adoption in biological research and medical imaging due to its exceptional tissue penetration, 3D imaging speed, and rich contrast. However, OCT plays a relatively small role in molecular and cellular imaging due to the lack of suitable biomolecular contrast agents. In particular, while the green fluorescent protein has provided revolutionary capabilities to fluorescence microscopy by connecting it to cellular functions such as gene expression, no equivalent reporter gene is currently available for OCT. Here, we introduce gas vesicles, a class of naturally evolved gas-filled protein nanostructures, as genetically encodable OCT contrast agents. The differential refractive index of their gas compartments relative to surrounding aqueous tissue and their nanoscale motion enables gas vesicles to be detected by static and dynamic OCT. Furthermore, the OCT contrast of gas vesicles can be selectively erased in situ with ultrasound, allowing unambiguous assignment of their location. In addition, gas vesicle clustering modulates their temporal signal, enabling the design of dynamic biosensors. We demonstrate the use of gas vesicles as reporter genes in bacterial colonies and as purified contrast agents in vivo in the mouse retina. Our results expand the utility of OCT to image a wider variety of cellular and molecular processes.
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Alternate Title: | Biomolecular Contrast Agents for Optical Coherence Tomography | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Additional Information: | © 2020 American Chemical Society. Received: October 24, 2019; Accepted: February 5, 2020; Published: February 5, 2020. The authors thank Changhuei Yang for helpful discussion and Theodore Chang for assistance with initial experiments. Electron microscopy was performed at the Beckman Institute Resource Centre for Transmission Electron Microscopy at Caltech. This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health (Grants K99EB024600 to G.J.L.; K12EY024225 and P30EY022589 to D.L.C.; R44HL129496, R43HD071701, and R44CA177064 to T.R.; and R01EB018975 to M.G.S.), the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (HR0011-17-2-0037 to M.G.S.), the Heritage Medical Research Institute (M.G.S.), the Packard Fellowship for Science and Engineering (M.G.S.), the Pew Scholarship in Biomedical Science (M.G.S.), and the Burroughs Welcome Fund Career Award at the Scientific Interface (M.G.S.). Author Contributions: G.J.L., M.G.S., T.R., and D.L.C. conceived the research. G.J.L., M.G.S., T.R., L.C., and D.M. planned and performed the in vitro experiments, and G.J.L. and L.C. analyzed the data. D.L.C., A.K.P., and D.S.W. planned and performed the in vivo experiments using materials prepared by G.J.L. and D.M. G.J.L. and M.G.S. wrote the manuscript with input from all authors. The authors declare the following competing financial interest(s): T.R. and L.C. are employees of OCT Medical Imaging, Inc., a company commercializing OCT devices. T.R. has a financial interest in OCT Medical Imaging, Inc. Notes: The pre-print version of this paper is available on bioRxiv.(74) Raw data, gas vesicles, and genetic constructs are available upon request to the authors. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Group: | Heritage Medical Research Institute | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Subject Keywords: | optical coherence tomography, gas vesicles, reporter genes, contrast agents, ultrasound, genetically encoded, nanostructures | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Issue or Number: | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
PubMed Central ID: | PMC7685218 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DOI: | 10.1021/acsnano.9b08432 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Record Number: | CaltechAUTHORS:20190401-103122114 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Persistent URL: | https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190401-103122114 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Official Citation: | Genetically Encodable Contrast Agents for Optical Coherence Tomography. George J. Lu, Li-dek Chou, Dina Malounda, Amit K. Patel, Derek S. Welsbie, Daniel L. Chao, Tirunelveli Ramalingam, and Mikhail G. Shapiro. ACS Nano 2020 14 (7), 7823-7831; DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08432 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Usage Policy: | No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ID Code: | 94314 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Collection: | CaltechAUTHORS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposited By: | George Porter | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposited On: | 01 Apr 2019 17:49 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Last Modified: | 09 Feb 2022 23:39 |
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