Automated GNSS and Teleseismic Earthquake Inversion (AutoQuake Inversion) for Tsunami Early Warning: Retrospective and Real-Time Results

Abstract

Rapid finite fault source determination is critical for reliable and robust tsunami early warnings. Near-field Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations have shown value to constrain the source inversion, but real-time GNSS stations are sparse along most of the active faults. Here we propose an automatic earthquake finite source inversion (AutoQuake Inversion) algorithm jointly using near-field (epicentral distance < 1000 km) GNSS data and mid-range (epicentral distance from 30° to 45°) teleseismic P displacement waveforms. Neither the near-field GNSS nor the mid-range teleseismic data clip or saturate during large earthquakes, while the fast-traveling P-waves are still essential to constrain the source in regions where very few or no GNSS stations are available. Real-time determination of the fault geometry remains to be the main challenge for rapid finite source inversion. We adopt a strategy to use the pre-defined geometry Slab2 for earthquakes within it or to forecast a focal mechanism based on near-by historical events for earthquakes without Slab2 prior. The algorithm has been implemented successfully in the prototype of JPL’s GPS-Aided Tsunami Early-Detection system and tested for many real events recently. This article provides the framework of the algorithm, documents the retrospective and real-time results, and discusses remaining challenges for future improvements.