Kim, Byeong-ju and Piao, Guangxia and Kim, Seonghun and Yang, So Young and Park, Yiseul and Han, Dong Suk and Shon, Ho Kyong and Hoffmann, Michael R. and Park, Hyunwoong (2019) High Efficiency Solar Desalination Accompanying Electrocatalytic Conversions of Desalted Chloride and Captured Carbon Dioxide. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 7 (18). pp. 15320-15328. ISSN 2168-0485. doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b02640. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190816-135100362
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Abstract
The sustainability of conventional water- and energy-associated systems is being examined in terms of water–energy nexus. This study presents a high-efficiency, off-grid solar desalination system for saline water (salinities 10 and 36 g L^(–1)) that accompanies electrocatalytic oxidations of chloride and, consequently, urine via oxidized chlorine species while concomitantly producing formate from captured CO_2. A variable number of desalination cell arrays is placed between a double-layered nanoparticulate titania electrocatalyst (Ti/Ir_xTa_(1–x)O_y/nano-TiO_2; denoted as n-TEC) anode and a porous dendrite Bi cathode. A potential bias to the n-TEC and Bi pairs initiates the transport of chloride and sodium ions in the saline water to the anode and cathode cells, respectively, at an ion transport efficiency of ∼100% and a specific energy consumption of ∼1.9 kWh m^(–3). During the desalination, the n-TEC anode catalyzes the conversion of the transported chloride into reactive chlorine species, which, in turn, mediate the decomposition of urine in the anode cell. Concurrent with the anodic process, formate is continuously produced at a faradic efficiency of >95% from the CO_2 captured in the catholyte. When a photovoltaic cell (power conversion efficiency of ∼18%) is coupled to the stack device with five desalination cells, the three independent processes synergistically proceed at a maximum overall solar-to-desalination system efficiency of ∼16% and a maximum solar-to-formate chemical energy conversion efficiency of ∼7%.
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Additional Information: | © 2019 American Chemical Society. Received: May 11, 2019; Revised: July 24, 2019; Published: August 16, 2019. The authors are grateful to the Korea CCS R&D Center (KCRC) (no. 2014M1A8A1049354) for financial support. This research was partly supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (2019R1A2C2002602, 2018R1A6A1A03024962, and 2019M1A2A2065616). S.Y.Y. is grateful to the NRF (2017R1C1B1005179). Y.P. is grateful to the Next-Generation Carbon Upcycling Project (2017M1A2A2043123). This publication was made possible by a grant from the Qatar National Research Fund under its National Priorities Research Program (NPRP 10-1210-160019). Author Contributions: B.-j.K., G.P., S.K., and H.P. designed and performed experiments; S.Y.Y., Y.P., D.S.H., H.K.S., and M.R.H. discussed the experimental results; and H.P. wrote this manuscript. The authors declare no competing financial interest. | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Subject Keywords: | Water-energy nexus; Electrocatalysis; Reactive chlorine species; CO2 reduction; Desalination | ||||||||||||||||||||
Issue or Number: | 18 | ||||||||||||||||||||
DOI: | 10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b02640 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Record Number: | CaltechAUTHORS:20190816-135100362 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Persistent URL: | https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190816-135100362 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Official Citation: | High-Efficiency Solar Desalination Accompanying Electrocatalytic Conversions of Desalted Chloride and Captured Carbon Dioxide. Byeong-ju Kim, Guangxia Piao, Seonghun Kim, So Young Yang, Yiseul Park, Dong Suk Han, Ho Kyong Shon, Michael R. Hoffmann, and Hyunwoong Park. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 2019 7 (18), 15320-15328. DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b02640 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Usage Policy: | No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided. | ||||||||||||||||||||
ID Code: | 97956 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Collection: | CaltechAUTHORS | ||||||||||||||||||||
Deposited By: | Tony Diaz | ||||||||||||||||||||
Deposited On: | 16 Aug 2019 20:59 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Last Modified: | 16 Nov 2021 17:35 |
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