The Cosmological Constant from the Viewpoint of String Theory

The mystery of the cosmological constant is probably the most pressing obstacle to significantly improving the models of elementary particle physics derived from string theory. The problem arises because in the standard framework of low energy physics, there appears to be no natural explanation for vanishing or extreme smallness of the vacuum energy, while on the other hand it is very difficult to modify this framework in a sensible way. In seeking to resolve this problem, one naturally wonders if the real world can somehow be interpreted in terms of a vacuum state with unbroken supersymmetry.