An autozeroing amplifier using PFET hot-electron injection

We have developed an amplifier which removes its "off-set" as a natural part of its operation by modifying the charge on a floating gate. The charge on the floating gate is adapted by a combination of electron tunneling and hot-electron injection, resulting in a nonlinear high-pass filter with a cutoff frequency less than 1 Hz. We show experimental data from this autozeroing amplifier for various input waveforms, and an analytical model which fits the output waveforms. This autozeroing amplifier is a single-input case of a continuous learning circuit.