GWTC-1: A Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog of Compact Binary Mergers Observed by
LIGO and Virgo during the First and Second Observing Runs
B. P. Abbott,
1
R. Abbott,
1
T. D. Abbott,
2
S. Abraham,
3
F. Acernese,
4, 5
K. Ackley,
6
C. Adams,
7
R. X. Adhikari,
1
V. B. Adya,
8, 9
C. A
ff
eldt,
8, 9
M. Agathos,
10
K. Agatsuma,
11
N. Aggarwal,
12
O. D. Aguiar,
13
L. Aiello,
14, 15
A. Ain,
3
P. Ajith,
16
G. Allen,
17
A. Allocca,
18, 19
M. A. Aloy,
20
P. A. Altin,
21
A. Amato,
22
A. Ananyeva,
1
S. B. Anderson,
1
W. G. Anderson,
23
S. V. Angelova,
24
S. Antier,
25
S. Appert,
1
K. Arai,
1
M. C. Araya,
1
J. S. Areeda,
26
M. Ar
`
ene,
27
N. Arnaud,
25, 28
K. G. Arun,
29
S. Ascenzi,
30, 31
G. Ashton,
6
S. M. Aston,
7
P. Astone,
32
F. Aubin,
33
P. Aufmuth,
9
K. AultONeal,
34
C. Austin,
2
V. Avendano,
35
A. Avila-Alvarez,
26
S. Babak,
36, 27
P. Bacon,
27
F. Badaracco,
14, 15
M. K. M. Bader,
37
S. Bae,
38
P. T. Baker,
39
F. Baldaccini,
40, 41
G. Ballardin,
28
S. W. Ballmer,
42
S. Banagiri,
43
J. C. Barayoga,
1
S. E. Barclay,
44
B. C. Barish,
1
D. Barker,
45
K. Barkett,
46
S. Barnum,
12
F. Barone,
4, 5
B. Barr,
44
L. Barsotti,
12
M. Barsuglia,
27
D. Barta,
47
J. Bartlett,
45
I. Bartos,
48
R. Bassiri,
49
A. Basti,
18, 19
M. Bawaj,
50, 41
J. C. Bayley,
44
M. Bazzan,
51, 52
B. B
́
ecsy,
53
M. Bejger,
27, 54
I. Belahcene,
25
A. S. Bell,
44
D. Beniwal,
55
B. K. Berger,
49
G. Bergmann,
8, 9
S. Bernuzzi,
56, 57
J. J. Bero,
58
C. P. L. Berry,
59
D. Bersanetti,
60
A. Bertolini,
37
J. Betzwieser,
7
R. Bhandare,
61
J. Bidler,
26
I. A. Bilenko,
62
S. A. Bilgili,
39
G. Billingsley,
1
J. Birch,
7
R. Birney,
24
O. Birnholtz,
58
S. Biscans,
1, 12
S. Biscoveanu,
6
A. Bisht,
9
M. Bitossi,
28, 19
M. A. Bizouard,
25
J. K. Blackburn,
1
J. Blackman,
46
C. D. Blair,
7
D. G. Blair,
63
R. M. Blair,
45
S. Bloemen,
64
N. Bode,
8, 9
M. Boer,
65
Y. Boetzel,
66
G. Bogaert,
65
F. Bondu,
67
E. Bonilla,
49
R. Bonnand,
33
P. Booker,
8, 9
B. A. Boom,
37
C. D. Booth,
68
R. Bork,
1
V. Boschi,
28
S. Bose,
69, 3
K. Bossie,
7
V. Bossilkov,
63
J. Bosveld,
63
Y. Bou
ff
anais,
27
A. Bozzi,
28
C. Bradaschia,
19
P. R. Brady,
23
A. Bramley,
7
M. Branchesi,
14, 15
J. E. Brau,
70
T. Briant,
71
J. H. Briggs,
44
F. Brighenti,
72, 73
A. Brillet,
65
M. Brinkmann,
8, 9
V. Brisson,
25, a
P. Brockill,
23
A. F. Brooks,
1
D. D. Brown,
55
S. Brunett,
1
A. Buikema,
12
T. Bulik,
74
H. J. Bulten,
75, 37
A. Buonanno,
36, 76
D. Buskulic,
33
M. J. Bustamante Rosell,
77
C. Buy,
27
R. L. Byer,
49
M. Cabero,
8, 9
L. Cadonati,
78
G. Cagnoli,
22, 79
C. Cahillane,
1
J. Calder
́
on Bustillo,
6
T. A. Callister,
1
E. Calloni,
80, 5
J. B. Camp,
81
W. A. Campbell,
6
M. Canepa,
82, 60
K. C. Cannon,
83
H. Cao,
55
J. Cao,
84
E. Capocasa,
27
F. Carbognani,
28
S. Caride,
85
M. F. Carney,
59
G. Carullo,
18
J. Casanueva Diaz,
19
C. Casentini,
30, 31
S. Caudill,
37
M. Cavagli
`
a,
86
F. Cavalier,
25
R. Cavalieri,
28
G. Cella,
19
P. Cerd
́
a-Dur
́
an,
20
G. Cerretani,
18, 19
E. Cesarini,
87, 31
O. Chaibi,
65
K. Chakravarti,
3
S. J. Chamberlin,
88
M. Chan,
44
S. Chao,
89
P. Charlton,
90
E. A. Chase,
59
E. Chassande-Mottin,
27
D. Chatterjee,
23
M. Chaturvedi,
61
K. Chatziioannou,
91
B. D. Cheeseboro,
39
H. Y. Chen,
92
X. Chen,
63
Y. Chen,
46
H.-P. Cheng,
48
C. K. Cheong,
93
H. Y. Chia,
48
A. Chincarini,
60
A. Chiummo,
28
G. Cho,
94
H. S. Cho,
95
M. Cho,
76
N. Christensen,
65, 96
Q. Chu,
63
S. Chua,
71
K. W. Chung,
93
S. Chung,
63
G. Ciani,
51, 52
A. A. Ciobanu,
55
R. Ciolfi,
97, 98
F. Cipriano,
65
A. Cirone,
82, 60
F. Clara,
45
J. A. Clark,
78
P. Clearwater,
99
F. Cleva,
65
C. Cocchieri,
86
E. Coccia,
14, 15
P.-F. Cohadon,
71
D. Cohen,
25
R. Colgan,
100
M. Colleoni,
101
C. G. Collette,
102
C. Collins,
11
L. R. Cominsky,
103
M. Constancio Jr.,
13
L. Conti,
52
S. J. Cooper,
11
P. Corban,
7
T. R. Corbitt,
2
I. Cordero-Carri
́
on,
104
K. R. Corley,
100
N. Cornish,
53
A. Corsi,
85
S. Cortese,
28
C. A. Costa,
13
R. Cotesta,
36
M. W. Coughlin,
1
S. B. Coughlin,
68, 59
J.-P. Coulon,
65
S. T. Countryman,
100
P. Couvares,
1
P. B. Covas,
101
E. E. Cowan,
78
D. M. Coward,
63
M. J. Cowart,
7
D. C. Coyne,
1
R. Coyne,
105
J. D. E. Creighton,
23
T. D. Creighton,
106
J. Cripe,
2
M. Croquette,
71
S. G. Crowder,
107
T. J. Cullen,
2
A. Cumming,
44
L. Cunningham,
44
E. Cuoco,
28
T. Dal Canton,
81
G. D
́
alya,
108
S. L. Danilishin,
8, 9
S. D’Antonio,
31
K. Danzmann,
9, 8
A. Dasgupta,
109
C. F. Da Silva Costa,
48
L. E. H. Datrier,
44
V. Dattilo,
28
I. Dave,
61
M. Davier,
25
D. Davis,
42
E. J. Daw,
110
D. DeBra,
49
M. Deenadayalan,
3
J. Degallaix,
22
M. De Laurentis,
80, 5
S. Del
́
eglise,
71
W. Del Pozzo,
18, 19
L. M. DeMarchi,
59
N. Demos,
12
T. Dent,
8, 9, 111
R. De Pietri,
112, 57
J. Derby,
26
R. De Rosa,
80, 5
C. De Rossi,
22, 28
R. DeSalvo,
113
O. de Varona,
8, 9
S. Dhurandhar,
3
M. C. D
́
ıaz,
106
T. Dietrich,
37
L. Di Fiore,
5
M. Di Giovanni,
114, 98
T. Di Girolamo,
80, 5
A. Di Lieto,
18, 19
B. Ding,
102
S. Di Pace,
115, 32
I. Di Palma,
115, 32
F. Di Renzo,
18, 19
A. Dmitriev,
11
Z. Doctor,
92
F. Donovan,
12
K. L. Dooley,
68, 86
S. Doravari,
8, 9
I. Dorrington,
68
T. P. Downes,
23
M. Drago,
14, 15
J. C. Driggers,
45
Z. Du,
84
J.-G. Ducoin,
25
P. Dupej,
44
S. E. Dwyer,
45
P. J. Easter,
6
T. B. Edo,
110
M. C. Edwards,
96
A. E
ffl
er,
7
P. Ehrens,
1
J. Eichholz,
1
S. S. Eikenberry,
48
M. Eisenmann,
33
R. A. Eisenstein,
12
R. C. Essick,
92
H. Estelles,
101
D. Estevez,
33
Z. B. Etienne,
39
T. Etzel,
1
M. Evans,
12
T. M. Evans,
7
V. Fafone,
30, 31, 14
H. Fair,
42
S. Fairhurst,
68
X. Fan,
84
S. Farinon,
60
B. Farr,
70
W. M. Farr,
11
E. J. Fauchon-Jones,
68
M. Favata,
35
M. Fays,
110
M. Fazio,
116
C. Fee,
117
J. Feicht,
1
M. M. Fejer,
49
F. Feng,
27
A. Fernandez-Galiana,
12
I. Ferrante,
18, 19
E. C. Ferreira,
13
T. A. Ferreira,
13
F. Ferrini,
28
F. Fidecaro,
18, 19
I. Fiori,
28
D. Fiorucci,
27
M. Fishbach,
92
R. P. Fisher,
42, 118
J. M. Fishner,
12
M. Fitz-Axen,
43
R. Flaminio,
33, 119
M. Fletcher,
44
E. Flynn,
26
H. Fong,
91
J. A. Font,
20, 120
P. W. F. Forsyth,
21
J.-D. Fournier,
65
S. Frasca,
115, 32
F. Frasconi,
19
Z. Frei,
108
A. Freise,
11
R. Frey,
70
V. Frey,
25
P. Fritschel,
12
V. V. Frolov,
7
P. Fulda,
48
M. Fy
ff
e,
7
H. A. Gabbard,
44
B. U. Gadre,
3
S. M. Gaebel,
11
J. R. Gair,
121
L. Gammaitoni,
40
M. R. Ganija,
55
S. G. Gaonkar,
3
A. Garcia,
26
C. Garc
́
ıa-Quir
́
os,
101
F. Garufi,
80, 5
B. Gateley,
45
S. Gaudio,
34
G. Gaur,
122
V. Gayathri,
123
G. Gemme,
60
E. Genin,
28
A. Gennai,
19
D. George,
17
J. George,
61
L. Gergely,
124
V. Germain,
33
S. Ghonge,
78
Abhirup Ghosh,
16
Archisman Ghosh,
37
S. Ghosh,
23
B. Giacomazzo,
114, 98
J. A. Giaime,
2, 7
K. D. Giardina,
7
A. Giazotto,
19, b
K. Gill,
34
G. Giordano,
4, 5
L. Glover,
113
P. Godwin,
88
E. Goetz,
45
R. Goetz,
48
B. Goncharov,
6
G. Gonz
́
alez,
2
arXiv:1811.12907v2 [astro-ph.HE] 16 Dec 2018
2
J. M. Gonzalez Castro,
18, 19
A. Gopakumar,
125
M. L. Gorodetsky,
62
S. E. Gossan,
1
M. Gosselin,
28
R. Gouaty,
33
A. Grado,
126, 5
C. Graef,
44
M. Granata,
22
A. Grant,
44
S. Gras,
12
P. Grassia,
1
C. Gray,
45
R. Gray,
44
G. Greco,
72, 73
A. C. Green,
11, 48
R. Green,
68
E. M. Gretarsson,
34
P. Groot,
64
H. Grote,
68
S. Grunewald,
36
P. Gruning,
25
G. M. Guidi,
72, 73
H. K. Gulati,
109
Y. Guo,
37
A. Gupta,
88
M. K. Gupta,
109
E. K. Gustafson,
1
R. Gustafson,
127
L. Haegel,
101
O. Halim,
15, 14
B. R. Hall,
69
E. D. Hall,
12
E. Z. Hamilton,
68
G. Hammond,
44
M. Haney,
66
M. M. Hanke,
8, 9
J. Hanks,
45
C. Hanna,
88
M. D. Hannam,
68
O. A. Hannuksela,
93
J. Hanson,
7
T. Hardwick,
2
K. Haris,
16
J. Harms,
14, 15
G. M. Harry,
128
I. W. Harry,
36
C.-J. Haster,
91
K. Haughian,
44
F. J. Hayes,
44
J. Healy,
58
A. Heidmann,
71
M. C. Heintze,
7
H. Heitmann,
65
P. Hello,
25
G. Hemming,
28
M. Hendry,
44
I. S. Heng,
44
J. Hennig,
8, 9
A. W. Heptonstall,
1
Francisco Hernandez Vivanco,
6
M. Heurs,
8, 9
S. Hild,
44
T. Hinderer,
129, 37, 130
D. Hoak,
28
S. Hochheim,
8, 9
D. Hofman,
22
A. M. Holgado,
17
N. A. Holland,
21
K. Holt,
7
D. E. Holz,
92
P. Hopkins,
68
C. Horst,
23
J. Hough,
44
E. J. Howell,
63
C. G. Hoy,
68
A. Hreibi,
65
Y. Huang,
12, 131
E. A. Huerta,
17
D. Huet,
25
B. Hughey,
34
M. Hulko,
1
S. Husa,
101
S. H. Huttner,
44
T. Huynh-Dinh,
7
B. Idzkowski,
74
A. Iess,
30, 31
C. Ingram,
55
R. Inta,
85
G. Intini,
115, 32
B. Irwin,
117
H. N. Isa,
44
J.-M. Isac,
71
M. Isi,
1
B. R. Iyer,
16
K. Izumi,
45
T. Jacqmin,
71
S. J. Jadhav,
132
K. Jani,
78
N. N. Janthalur,
132
P. Jaranowski,
133
A. C. Jenkins,
134
J. Jiang,
48
D. S. Johnson,
17
N. K. Johnson-McDaniel,
10
A. W. Jones,
11
D. I. Jones,
135
R. Jones,
44
R. J. G. Jonker,
37
L. Ju,
63
J. Junker,
8, 9
C. V. Kalaghatgi,
68
V. Kalogera,
59
B. Kamai,
1
S. Kandhasamy,
86
G. Kang,
38
J. B. Kanner,
1
S. J. Kapadia,
23
S. Karki,
70
K. S. Karvinen,
8, 9
R. Kashyap,
16
M. Kasprzack,
1
S. Katsanevas,
28
E. Katsavounidis,
12
W. Katzman,
7
S. Kaufer,
9
K. Kawabe,
45
N. V. Keerthana,
3
F. K
́
ef
́
elian,
65
D. Keitel,
44
R. Kennedy,
110
J. S. Key,
136
F. Y. Khalili,
62
H. Khan,
26
I. Khan,
14, 31
S. Khan,
8, 9
Z. Khan,
109
E. A. Khazanov,
137
M. Khursheed,
61
N. Kijbunchoo,
21
Chunglee Kim,
138
J. C. Kim,
139
K. Kim,
93
W. Kim,
55
W. S. Kim,
140
Y.-M. Kim,
141
C. Kimball,
59
E. J. King,
55
P. J. King,
45
M. Kinley-Hanlon,
128
R. Kirchho
ff
,
8, 9
J. S. Kissel,
45
L. Kleybolte,
142
J. H. Klika,
23
S. Klimenko,
48
T. D. Knowles,
39
P. Koch,
8, 9
S. M. Koehlenbeck,
8, 9
G. Koekoek,
37, 143
S. Koley,
37
V. Kondrashov,
1
A. Kontos,
12
N. Koper,
8, 9
M. Korobko,
142
W. Z. Korth,
1
I. Kowalska,
74
D. B. Kozak,
1
V. Kringel,
8, 9
N. Krishnendu,
29
A. Kr
́
olak,
144, 145
G. Kuehn,
8, 9
A. Kumar,
132
P. Kumar,
146
R. Kumar,
109
S. Kumar,
16
L. Kuo,
89
A. Kutynia,
144
S. Kwang,
23
B. D. Lackey,
36
K. H. Lai,
93
T. L. Lam,
93
M. Landry,
45
B. B. Lane,
12
R. N. Lang,
147
J. Lange,
58
B. Lantz,
49
R. K. Lanza,
12
A. Lartaux-Vollard,
25
P. D. Lasky,
6
M. Laxen,
7
A. Lazzarini,
1
C. Lazzaro,
52
P. Leaci,
115, 32
S. Leavey,
8, 9
Y. K. Lecoeuche,
45
C. H. Lee,
95
H. K. Lee,
148
H. M. Lee,
149
H. W. Lee,
139
J. Lee,
94
K. Lee,
44
J. Lehmann,
8, 9
A. Lenon,
39
N. Leroy,
25
N. Letendre,
33
Y. Levin,
6, 100
J. Li,
84
K. J. L. Li,
93
T. G. F. Li,
93
X. Li,
46
F. Lin,
6
F. Linde,
37
S. D. Linker,
113
T. B. Littenberg,
150
J. Liu,
63
X. Liu,
23
R. K. L. Lo,
93, 1
N. A. Lockerbie,
24
L. T. London,
68
A. Longo,
151, 152
M. Lorenzini,
14, 15
V. Loriette,
153
M. Lormand,
7
G. Losurdo,
19
J. D. Lough,
8, 9
C. O. Lousto,
58
G. Lovelace,
26
M. E. Lower,
154
H. L
̈
uck,
9, 8
D. Lumaca,
30, 31
A. P. Lundgren,
155
R. Lynch,
12
Y. Ma,
46
R. Macas,
68
S. Macfoy,
24
M. MacInnis,
12
D. M. Macleod,
68
A. Macquet,
65
F. Maga
̃
na-Sandoval,
42
L. Maga
̃
na Zertuche,
86
R. M. Magee,
88
E. Majorana,
32
I. Maksimovic,
153
A. Malik,
61
N. Man,
65
V. Mandic,
43
V. Mangano,
44
G. L. Mansell,
45, 12
M. Manske,
23, 21
M. Mantovani,
28
F. Marchesoni,
50, 41
F. Marion,
33
S. M
́
arka,
100
Z. M
́
arka,
100
C. Markakis,
10, 17
A. S. Markosyan,
49
A. Markowitz,
1
E. Maros,
1
A. Marquina,
104
S. Marsat,
36
F. Martelli,
72, 73
I. W. Martin,
44
R. M. Martin,
35
D. V. Martynov,
11
K. Mason,
12
E. Massera,
110
A. Masserot,
33
T. J. Massinger,
1
M. Masso-Reid,
44
S. Mastrogiovanni,
115, 32
A. Matas,
43, 36
F. Matichard,
1, 12
L. Matone,
100
N. Mavalvala,
12
N. Mazumder,
69
J. J. McCann,
63
R. McCarthy,
45
D. E. McClelland,
21
S. McCormick,
7
L. McCuller,
12
S. C. McGuire,
156
J. McIver,
1
D. J. McManus,
21
T. McRae,
21
S. T. McWilliams,
39
D. Meacher,
88
G. D. Meadors,
6
M. Mehmet,
8, 9
A. K. Mehta,
16
J. Meidam,
37
A. Melatos,
99
G. Mendell,
45
R. A. Mercer,
23
L. Mereni,
22
E. L. Merilh,
45
M. Merzougui,
65
S. Meshkov,
1
C. Messenger,
44
C. Messick,
88
R. Metzdor
ff
,
71
P. M. Meyers,
99
H. Miao,
11
C. Michel,
22
H. Middleton,
99
E. E. Mikhailov,
157
L. Milano,
80, 5
A. L. Miller,
48
A. Miller,
115, 32
M. Millhouse,
53
J. C. Mills,
68
M. C. Milovich-Go
ff
,
113
O. Minazzoli,
65, 158
Y. Minenkov,
31
A. Mishkin,
48
C. Mishra,
159
T. Mistry,
110
S. Mitra,
3
V. P. Mitrofanov,
62
G. Mitselmakher,
48
R. Mittleman,
12
G. Mo,
96
D. Mo
ff
a,
117
K. Mogushi,
86
S. R. P. Mohapatra,
12
M. Montani,
72, 73
C. J. Moore,
10
D. Moraru,
45
G. Moreno,
45
S. Morisaki,
83
B. Mours,
33
C. M. Mow-Lowry,
11
Arunava Mukherjee,
8, 9
D. Mukherjee,
23
S. Mukherjee,
106
N. Mukund,
3
A. Mullavey,
7
J. Munch,
55
E. A. Mu
̃
niz,
42
M. Muratore,
34
P. G. Murray,
44
A. Nagar,
87, 160, 161
I. Nardecchia,
30, 31
L. Naticchioni,
115, 32
R. K. Nayak,
162
J. Neilson,
113
G. Nelemans,
64, 37
T. J. N. Nelson,
7
M. Nery,
8, 9
A. Neunzert,
127
K. Y. Ng,
12
S. Ng,
55
P. Nguyen,
70
D. Nichols,
129, 37
A. B. Nielsen,
8
S. Nissanke,
129, 37
A. Nitz,
8
F. Nocera,
28
C. North,
68
L. K. Nuttall,
155
M. Obergaulinger,
20
J. Oberling,
45
B. D. O’Brien,
48
G. D. O’Dea,
113
G. H. Ogin,
163
J. J. Oh,
140
S. H. Oh,
140
F. Ohme,
8, 9
H. Ohta,
83
M. A. Okada,
13
M. Oliver,
101
P. Oppermann,
8, 9
Richard J. Oram,
7
B. O’Reilly,
7
R. G. Ormiston,
43
L. F. Ortega,
48
R. O’Shaughnessy,
58
S. Ossokine,
36
D. J. Ottaway,
55
H. Overmier,
7
B. J. Owen,
85
A. E. Pace,
88
G. Pagano,
18, 19
M. A. Page,
63
A. Pai,
123
S. A. Pai,
61
J. R. Palamos,
70
O. Palashov,
137
C. Palomba,
32
A. Pal-Singh,
142
Huang-Wei Pan,
89
B. Pang,
46
P. T. H. Pang,
93
C. Pankow,
59
F. Pannarale,
115, 32
B. C. Pant,
61
F. Paoletti,
19
A. Paoli,
28
M. A. Papa,
8, 23, 9
A. Parida,
3
W. Parker,
7, 156
D. Pascucci,
44
A. Pasqualetti,
28
R. Passaquieti,
18, 19
D. Passuello,
19
M. Patil,
145
B. Patricelli,
18, 19
B. L. Pearlstone,
44
C. Pedersen,
68
M. Pedraza,
1
R. Pedurand,
22, 164
A. Pele,
7
S. Penn,
165
A. Perego,
57, 166
C. J. Perez,
45
A. Perreca,
114, 98
H. P. Pfei
ff
er,
36, 91
M. Phelps,
8, 9
K. S. Phukon,
3
O. J. Piccinni,
115, 32
M. Pichot,
65
F. Piergiovanni,
72, 73
3
G. Pillant,
28
L. Pinard,
22
M. Pirello,
45
M. Pitkin,
44
R. Poggiani,
18, 19
D. Y. T. Pong,
93
S. Ponrathnam,
3
P. Popolizio,
28
E. K. Porter,
27
J. Powell,
154
A. K. Prajapati,
109
J. Prasad,
3
K. Prasai,
49
R. Prasanna,
132
G. Pratten,
101
T. Prestegard,
23
S. Privitera,
36
G. A. Prodi,
114, 98
L. G. Prokhorov,
62
O. Puncken,
8, 9
M. Punturo,
41
P. Puppo,
32
M. P
̈
urrer,
36
H. Qi,
23
V. Quetschke,
106
P. J. Quinonez,
34
E. A. Quintero,
1
R. Quitzow-James,
70
F. J. Raab,
45
H. Radkins,
45
N. Radulescu,
65
P. Ra
ff
ai,
108
S. Raja,
61
C. Rajan,
61
B. Rajbhandari,
85
M. Rakhmanov,
106
K. E. Ramirez,
106
A. Ramos-Buades,
101
Javed Rana,
3
K. Rao,
59
P. Rapagnani,
115, 32
V. Raymond,
68
M. Razzano,
18, 19
J. Read,
26
T. Regimbau,
33
L. Rei,
60
S. Reid,
24
D. H. Reitze,
1, 48
W. Ren,
17
F. Ricci,
115, 32
C. J. Richardson,
34
J. W. Richardson,
1
P. M. Ricker,
17
G. M. Riemenschneider,
160, 167
K. Riles,
127
M. Rizzo,
59
N. A. Robertson,
1, 44
R. Robie,
44
F. Robinet,
25
A. Rocchi,
31
L. Rolland,
33
J. G. Rollins,
1
V. J. Roma,
70
M. Romanelli,
67
R. Romano,
4, 5
C. L. Romel,
45
J. H. Romie,
7
K. Rose,
117
D. Rosi
́
nska,
168, 54
S. G. Rosofsky,
17
M. P. Ross,
169
S. Rowan,
44
A. R
̈
udiger,
8, 9, c
P. Ruggi,
28
G. Rutins,
170
K. Ryan,
45
S. Sachdev,
1
T. Sadecki,
45
M. Sakellariadou,
134
O. Salafia,
57, 166
L. Salconi,
28
M. Saleem,
29
F. Salemi,
8
A. Samajdar,
37
L. Sammut,
6
E. J. Sanchez,
1
L. E. Sanchez,
1
N. Sanchis-Gual,
20
V. Sandberg,
45
J. R. Sanders,
42
K. A. Santiago,
35
N. Sarin,
6
B. Sassolas,
22
B. S. Sathyaprakash,
88, 68
P. R. Saulson,
42
O. Sauter,
127
R. L. Savage,
45
P. Schale,
70
M. Scheel,
46
J. Scheuer,
59
P. Schmidt,
64
R. Schnabel,
142
R. M. S. Schofield,
70
A. Sch
̈
onbeck,
142
E. Schreiber,
8, 9
B. W. Schulte,
8, 9
B. F. Schutz,
68
S. G. Schwalbe,
34
J. Scott,
44
S. M. Scott,
21
E. Seidel,
17
D. Sellers,
7
A. S. Sengupta,
171
N. Sennett,
36
D. Sentenac,
28
V. Sequino,
30, 31, 14
A. Sergeev,
137
Y. Setyawati,
8, 9
D. A. Shaddock,
21
T. Sha
ff
er,
45
M. S. Shahriar,
59
M. B. Shaner,
113
L. Shao,
36
P. Sharma,
61
P. Shawhan,
76
H. Shen,
17
R. Shink,
172
D. H. Shoemaker,
12
D. M. Shoemaker,
78
S. ShyamSundar,
61
K. Siellez,
78
M. Sieniawska,
54
D. Sigg,
45
A. D. Silva,
13
L. P. Singer,
81
N. Singh,
74
A. Singhal,
14, 32
A. M. Sintes,
101
S. Sitmukhambetov,
106
V. Skliris,
68
B. J. J. Slagmolen,
21
T. J. Slaven-Blair,
63
J. R. Smith,
26
R. J. E. Smith,
6
S. Somala,
173
E. J. Son,
140
B. Sorazu,
44
F. Sorrentino,
60
T. Souradeep,
3
E. Sowell,
85
A. P. Spencer,
44
A. K. Srivastava,
109
V. Srivastava,
42
K. Staats,
59
C. Stachie,
65
M. Standke,
8, 9
D. A. Steer,
27
M. Steinke,
8, 9
J. Steinlechner,
142, 44
S. Steinlechner,
142
D. Steinmeyer,
8, 9
S. P. Stevenson,
154
D. Stocks,
49
R. Stone,
106
D. J. Stops,
11
K. A. Strain,
44
G. Stratta,
72, 73
S. E. Strigin,
62
A. Strunk,
45
R. Sturani,
174
A. L. Stuver,
175
V. Sudhir,
12
T. Z. Summerscales,
176
L. Sun,
1
S. Sunil,
109
J. Suresh,
3
P. J. Sutton,
68
B. L. Swinkels,
37
M. J. Szczepa
́
nczyk,
34
M. Tacca,
37
S. C. Tait,
44
C. Talbot,
6
D. Talukder,
70
D. B. Tanner,
48
M. T
́
apai,
124
A. Taracchini,
36
J. D. Tasson,
96
R. Taylor,
1
F. Thies,
8, 9
M. Thomas,
7
P. Thomas,
45
S. R. Thondapu,
61
K. A. Thorne,
7
E. Thrane,
6
Shubhanshu Tiwari,
114, 98
Srishti Tiwari,
125
V. Tiwari,
68
K. Toland,
44
M. Tonelli,
18, 19
Z. Tornasi,
44
A. Torres-Forn
́
e,
177
C. I. Torrie,
1
D. T
̈
oyr
̈
a,
11
F. Travasso,
28, 41
G. Traylor,
7
M. C. Tringali,
74
A. Trovato,
27
L. Trozzo,
178, 19
R. Trudeau,
1
K. W. Tsang,
37
M. Tse,
12
R. Tso,
46
L. Tsukada,
83
D. Tsuna,
83
D. Tuyenbayev,
106
K. Ueno,
83
D. Ugolini,
179
C. S. Unnikrishnan,
125
A. L. Urban,
2
S. A. Usman,
68
H. Vahlbruch,
9
G. Vajente,
1
G. Valdes,
2
N. van Bakel,
37
M. van Beuzekom,
37
J. F. J. van den Brand,
75, 37
C. Van Den Broeck,
37, 180
D. C. Vander-Hyde,
42
J. V. van Heijningen,
63
L. van der Schaaf,
37
A. A. van Veggel,
44
M. Vardaro,
51, 52
V. Varma,
46
S. Vass,
1
M. Vas
́
uth,
47
A. Vecchio,
11
G. Vedovato,
52
J. Veitch,
44
P. J. Veitch,
55
K. Venkateswara,
169
G. Venugopalan,
1
D. Verkindt,
33
F. Vetrano,
72, 73
A. Vicer
́
e,
72, 73
A. D. Viets,
23
D. J. Vine,
170
J.-Y. Vinet,
65
S. Vitale,
12
T. Vo,
42
H. Vocca,
40, 41
C. Vorvick,
45
S. P. Vyatchanin,
62
A. R. Wade,
1
L. E. Wade,
117
M. Wade,
117
R. Walet,
37
M. Walker,
26
L. Wallace,
1
S. Walsh,
23
G. Wang,
14, 19
H. Wang,
11
J. Z. Wang,
127
W. H. Wang,
106
Y. F. Wang,
93
R. L. Ward,
21
Z. A. Warden,
34
J. Warner,
45
M. Was,
33
J. Watchi,
102
B. Weaver,
45
L.-W. Wei,
8, 9
M. Weinert,
8, 9
A. J. Weinstein,
1
R. Weiss,
12
F. Wellmann,
8, 9
L. Wen,
63
E. K. Wessel,
17
P. Weßels,
8, 9
J. W. Westhouse,
34
K. Wette,
21
J. T. Whelan,
58
L. V. White,
42
B. F. Whiting,
48
C. Whittle,
12
D. M. Wilken,
8, 9
D. Williams,
44
A. R. Williamson,
129, 37
J. L. Willis,
1
B. Willke,
8, 9
M. H. Wimmer,
8, 9
W. Winkler,
8, 9
C. C. Wipf,
1
H. Wittel,
8, 9
G. Woan,
44
J. Woehler,
8, 9
J. K. Wo
ff
ord,
58
J. Worden,
45
J. L. Wright,
44
D. S. Wu,
8, 9
D. M. Wysocki,
58
L. Xiao,
1
H. Yamamoto,
1
C. C. Yancey,
76
L. Yang,
116
M. J. Yap,
21
M. Yazback,
48
D. W. Yeeles,
68
Hang Yu,
12
Haocun Yu,
12
S. H. R. Yuen,
93
M. Yvert,
33
A. K. Zadro
̇
zny,
106, 144
M. Zanolin,
34
F. Zappa,
56
T. Zelenova,
28
J.-P. Zendri,
52
M. Zevin,
59
J. Zhang,
63
L. Zhang,
1
T. Zhang,
44
C. Zhao,
63
M. Zhou,
59
Z. Zhou,
59
X. J. Zhu,
6
A. B. Zimmerman,
77, 91
Y. Zlochower,
58
M. E. Zucker,
1, 12
and J. Zweizig
1
(The LIGO Scientific Collaboration and the Virgo Collaboration)
1
LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
2
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
3
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
4
Universit `a di Salerno, Fisciano, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
5
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
6
OzGrav, School of Physics
&
Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
7
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
8
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
9
Leibniz Universit ̈at Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
10
University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
11
University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
12
LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
13
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 S ̃ao Jos ́e dos Campos, S ̃ao Paulo, Brazil
4
14
Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
15
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
16
International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
17
NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
18
Universit `a di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
19
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
20
Departamento de Astronom ́ıa y Astrof ́ısica, Universitat de Val`encia, E-46100 Burjassot, Val`encia, Spain
21
OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
22
Laboratoire des Mat ́eriaux Avanc ́es (LMA), CNRS
/
IN2P3, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
23
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
24
SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
25
LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS
/
IN2P3, Universit ́e Paris-Saclay, F-91898 Orsay, France
26
California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
27
APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Universit ́e Paris Diderot, CNRS
/
IN2P3, CEA
/
Irfu,
Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cit ́e, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
28
European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
29
Chennai Mathematical Institute, Chennai 603103, India
30
Universit `a di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
31
INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
32
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
33
Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Univ. Grenoble Alpes,
Universit ́e Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS
/
IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
34
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, AZ 86301, USA
35
Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
36
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
37
Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
38
Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
39
West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
40
Universit `a di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
41
INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
42
Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
43
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
44
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
45
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
46
Caltech CaRT, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
47
Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Mikl ́os ́ut 29-33, Hungary
48
University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
49
Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
50
Universit `a di Camerino, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
51
Universit `a di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
52
INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
53
Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
54
Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
55
OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
56
Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universit ̈at Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
57
INFN, Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
58
Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
59
Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration
&
Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
60
INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
61
RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
62
Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
63
OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
64
Department of Astrophysics
/
IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
65
Artemis, Universit ́e C ˆote d’Azur, Observatoire C ˆote d’Azur, CNRS, CS 34229, F-06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
66
Physik-Institut, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
67
Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR6082, F-3500 Rennes, France
68
Cardi
ff
University, Cardi
ff
CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
69
Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
70
University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
71
Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Universit ́e, CNRS,
ENS-Universit ́e PSL, Coll`ege de France, F-75005 Paris, France
72
Universit `a degli Studi di Urbino ’Carlo Bo,’ I-61029 Urbino, Italy
73
INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
74
Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
5
75
VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
76
University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
77
Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
78
School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
79
Universit ́e Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
80
Universit `a di Napoli ’Federico II,’ Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
81
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
82
Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit `a degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
83
RESCEU, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
84
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
85
Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
86
The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
87
Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi”, I-00184 Roma, Italyrico Fermi, I-00184 Roma, Italy
88
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
89
National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
90
Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia
91
Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H8, Canada
92
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
93
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
94
Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
95
Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
96
Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA
97
INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, I-35122 Padova, Italy
98
INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
99
OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
100
Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
101
Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3—IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
102
Universit ́e Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
103
Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, USA
104
Departamento de Matem ́aticas, Universitat de Val`encia, E-46100 Burjassot, Val`encia, Spain
105
University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
106
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
107
Bellevue College, Bellevue, WA 98007, USA
108
MTA-ELTE Astrophysics Research Group, Institute of Physics, E ̈otv ̈os University, Budapest 1117, Hungary
109
Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
110
The University of She
ffi
eld, She
ffi
eld S10 2TN, United Kingdom
111
IGFAE, Campus Sur, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Spain
112
Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Universit `a di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
113
California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
114
Universit `a di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
115
Universit `a di Roma ’La Sapienza,’ I-00185 Roma, Italy
116
Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
117
Kenyon College, Gambier, OH 43022, USA
118
Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
119
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
120
Observatori Astron `omic, Universitat de Val`encia, E-46980 Paterna, Val`encia, Spain
121
School of Mathematics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
122
Institute Of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar 382426, India
123
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
124
University of Szeged, D ́om t ́er 9, Szeged 6720, Hungary
125
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
126
INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, I-80131, Napoli, Italy
127
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
128
American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA
129
GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics,
University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
130
Delta Institute for Theoretical Physics, Science Park 904, 1090 GL Amsterdam, The Netherlands
131
Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
132
Directorate of Construction, Services
&
Estate Management, Mumbai 400094 India
133
University of Białystok, 15-424 Białystok, Poland
134
King’s College London, University of London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
135
University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
136
University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, WA 98011, USA
6
137
Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
138
Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
139
Inje University Gimhae, South Gyeongsang 50834, South Korea
140
National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 34047, South Korea
141
Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
142
Universit ̈at Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
143
Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
144
NCBJ, 05-400
́
Swierk-Otwock, Poland
145
Institute of Mathematics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00656 Warsaw, Poland
146
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
147
Hillsdale College, Hillsdale, MI 49242, USA
148
Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
149
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejeon 34055, South Korea
150
NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35811, USA
151
Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Universit `a degli Studi Roma Tre, I-00146 Roma, Italy
152
INFN, Sezione di Roma Tre, I-00146 Roma, Italy
153
ESPCI, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
154
OzGrav, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn VIC 3122, Australia
155
University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
156
Southern University and A
&
M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
157
College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA
158
Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 quai Antoine Ier, MC-98000, Monaco
159
Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
160
INFN Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, I-10125 Torino, Italy
161
Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques, F-91440 Bures-sur-Yvette, France
162
IISER-Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741252, India
163
Whitman College, 345 Boyer Avenue, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA
164
Universit ́e de Lyon, F-69361 Lyon, France
165
Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
166
Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit `a degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italia
167
Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit `a degli Studi di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
168
Janusz Gil Institute of Astronomy, University of Zielona G ́ora, 65-265 Zielona G ́ora, Poland
169
University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
170
SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
171
Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar Ahmedabad Gujarat 382424, India
172
Universit ́e de Montr ́eal
/
Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
173
Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Khandi, Telangana 502285, India
174
International Institute of Physics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal RN 59078-970, Brazil
175
Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Ave, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
176
Andrews University, Berrien Springs, MI 49104, USA
177
Max Planck Institute for Gravitationalphysik (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
178
Universit `a di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
179
Trinity University, San Antonio, TX 78212, USA
180
Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity,
University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
(Compiled: 18 December 2018)
We present the results from three gravitational-wave searches for coalescing compact binaries with component
masses above 1M
during the first and second observing runs of the Advanced gravitational-wave detector
network. During the first observing run (O1), from September 12
th
, 2015 to January 19
th
, 2016, gravitational
waves from three binary black hole mergers were detected. The second observing run (O2), which ran from
November 30
th
, 2016 to August 25
th
, 2017, saw the first detection of gravitational waves from a binary neutron
star inspiral, in addition to the observation of gravitational waves from a total of seven binary black hole mergers,
four of which we report here for the first time: GW170729, GW170809, GW170818 and GW170823. For all
significant gravitational-wave events, we provide estimates of the source properties. The detected binary black
holes have total masses between 18
.
6
+
3
.
1
−
0
.
7
M
and 85
.
1
+
15
.
6
−
10
.
9
M
, and range in distance between 320
+
120
−
110
Mpc
and 2750
+
1350
−
1320
Mpc. No neutron star – black hole mergers were detected. In addition to highly significant
gravitational-wave events, we also provide a list of marginal event candidates with an estimated false alarm rate
less than 1 per 30 days. From these results over the first two observing runs, which include approximately one
gravitational-wave detection per 15 days of data searched, we infer merger rates at the 90% confidence intervals
of 110
−
3840 Gpc
−
3
y
−
1
for binary neutron stars and 9
.
7
−
101 Gpc
−
3
y
−
1
for binary black holes assuming
fixed population distributions, and determine a neutron star – black hole merger rate 90% upper limit of 610
Gpc
−
3
y
−
1
.
7
PACS numbers: 04.80.Nn, 04.25.dg, 95.85.Sz, 97.80.-d 04.30.Db, 04.30.Tv
I. INTRODUCTION
The first observing run (O1) of Advanced LIGO, which
took place from September 12
th
, 2015 until January 19
th
, 2016
saw the first detections of gravitational waves (GWs) from
stellar-mass binary black holes (BBHs) [1–4]. After an up-
grade and commissioning period, the second observing run
(O2) of the Advanced LIGO detectors [5] commenced on
November 30
th
, 2016, and ended on August 25
th
, 2017. On
August 1
st
, 2017 the Advanced Virgo detector [6] joined the
observing run, enabling the first three-detector observations of
GWs. This network of ground-based interferometric detectors
is sensitive to GWs from the inspiral, merger and ringdown of
compact binary coalescences (CBCs), covering a frequency
range from about 15 Hz up to a few kHz (see Fig. 1). In this
catalog, we report eleven confident detections of GWs from
compact binary mergers as well as a selection of less signifi-
cant triggers from both observing runs. The observations re-
ported here and future GW detections will shed light on binary
formation channels, enable precision tests of general relativ-
ity (GR) in its strong-field regime, and open up new avenues
of astronomy research.
The events presented here are obtained from a total of three
searches: two matched-filter searches, PyCBC [7, 8] and Gst-
LAL [9, 10], using relativistic models of GWs from CBCs,
as well as one unmodeled search for short-duration transient
signals or bursts, coherent WaveBurst (cWB) [11]. The two
matched-filter searches target GWs from compact binaries
with a redshifted total mass
M
(1
+
z
) of 2-500M
for Py-
CBC and 2-400M
for GstLAL, where
z
is the cosmological
redshift of the source binary [12], and with maximal dimen-
sionless spins of 0.998 for black holes (BHs) and 0.05 for
neutron stars (NSs). The results of a matched-filter search
for sub-solar mass compact objects in O1 can be found in
Ref. [13]; the results for O2 will be discussed elsewhere. The
burst search, cWB, does not use waveform models to com-
pare against the data, but instead identifies regions of excess
power in the time-frequency representation of the gravita-
tional strain. We report results from a cWB analysis that is
optimized for the detection of compact binaries with a total
mass less than 100M
. A di
ff
erent tuning of the cWB analy-
sis is used for a search for intermediate-mass BBHs with to-
tal masses greater than 100M
; the results of that analysis are
discussed elsewhere. The three searches reported here use dif-
ferent methodologies to identify GWs from compact binaries
in an overlapping but not identical search space, thus provid-
ing three largely independent analyses that allow for important
crosschecks and yield consistent results. All searches have un-
dergone improvements since O1, making it scientifically valu-
able to reanalyze the O1 data in order to reevaluate the signif-
a
Deceased, February 2018.
b
Deceased, November 2017.
c
Deceased, July 2018.
icance of previously identified GW events and to potentially
discover new ones.
The searches identified a total of ten BBH mergers and
one binary neutron star (BNS) signal.
The GW events
GW150914, GW151012 [14], GW151226, GW170104,
GW170608, GW170814 and GW170817 have been reported
previously [4, 15–18]. In this catalog, we announce four
previously unpublished BBH mergers observed during O2:
GW170729, GW170809, GW170818 and GW170823. We es-
timate the total mass of GW170729 to be 85
.
1
+
15
.
6
−
10
.
9
M
, mak-
ing it the highest-mass BBH observed to date. GW170818 is
the second BBH observed in triple-coincidence between the
two LIGO observatories and Virgo after GW170814 [16]. As
the sky location is primarily determined by the di
ff
erences
in the times of arrival of the GW signal at the di
ff
erent de-
tector sites, LIGO-Virgo coincident events have a vastly im-
proved sky localization, which is crucial for electromagnetic
follow-up campaigns [19–22]. The reanalysis of the O1 data
did not result in the discovery of any new GW events, but
GW151012 is now detected with increased significance. In
addition, we list 14 GW candidate events that have an esti-
mated false alarm rate (FAR) less than 1 per 30 days in ei-
ther of the two matched-filter analyses but whose astrophysi-
cal origin cannot be established nor excluded unambiguously
(Sec. VII).
Gravitational waves from compact binaries carry informa-
tion about the properties of the source such as the masses and
spins. These can be extracted via Bayesian inference by using
theoretical models of the GW signal that describe the inspi-
ral, merger and ringdown of the final object for BBH [23–30],
and the inspiral (and merger) for BNS [31–33]. Such mod-
els are built by combining post-Newtonian calculations [34–
38], the e
ff
ective-one-body formalism [39–44] and numerical
relativity [45–50]. Based on a variety of theoretical models,
we provide key source properties of all confident GW detec-
tions. For previously reported detections, we provide updated
parameter estimates which exploit refined instrumental cali-
bration, noise subtraction (for O2 data) [51, 52] and updated
amplitude power spectral density estimates [53, 54].
The observation of these GW events allows us to place con-
straints on the rates of stellar-mass BBH and BNS mergers
in the Universe and probe their mass and spin distributions,
putting them into astrophysical context. The non-observation
of GWs from a neutron star–black hole binary (NSBH) yields
a stronger 90% upper limit on the rate. The details of the as-
trophysical implications of our observations are discussed in
Ref. [55].
This paper is organised as follows: In Sec. II we provide
an overview of the operating detectors during O2, as well as
the data used in the searches and parameter estimation. Sec-
tion III briefly summarises the three di
ff
erent searches, before
we define the event selection criteria and present the results in
Sec. IV. Tables I and II summarize some key search parame-
ters for the clear GW detections and the marginal events. De-
tails about the source properties of the GW events are given in