GW241011 and GW241110: Exploring Binary Formation and Fundamental Physics with Asymmetric, High-spin Black Hole Coalescences

Abac, A. G.; Abouelfettouh, I.; Acernese, F.; Ackley, K.; Adamcewicz, C.; Adhicary, S.; Adhikari, D.; Adhikari, N.; Adhikari, R. X.; Adkins, V. K.; Afroz, S.; Agapito, A.; Agarwal, D.; Agathos, M.; Aggarwal, N.; Aggarwal, S.; Aguiar, O. D.; Ahrend, I.-L.; Aiello, L.; Ain, A.; Ajith, P.; Akutsu, T.; Albanesi, S.; Ali, W.; Al-Kershi, S.; Alléné, C.; Allocca, A.; Al-Shammari, S.; Altin, P. A.; Alvarez-Lopez, S.; Amar, W.; Amarasinghe, O.; Amato, A.; Amicucci, F.; Amra, C.; Ananyeva, A.; Anderson, S. B.; Anderson, W. G.; Andia, M.; Ando, M.; Andrés-Carcasona, M.; Andrić, T.; Anglin, J.; Ansoldi, S.; Antelis, J. M.; Antier, S.; Antonini, F.; Aoumi, M.; Appavuravther, E. Z.; Appert, S.; Apple, S. K.; Arai, K.; Araújo-Álvarez, C.; Araya, A.; Araya, M. C.; Arca Sedda, M.; Areeda, J. S.; Aritomi, N.; Armato, F.; Armstrong, S.; Arnaud, N.; Arogeti, M.; Aronson, S. M.; Arun, K. G.; Ashton, G.; Aso, Y.; Asprea, L.; Assiduo, M.; Assis de Souza Melo, S.; Aston, S. M.; Astone, P.; Aswathi, P. S.; Attadio, F.; Aubin, F.; AultONeal, K.; Avallone, G.; Avila, E. A.; Babak, S.; Badger, C.; Bae, S.; Bagnasco, S.; Baiotti, L.; Bajpai, R.; Baka, T.; Baker, A. M.; Baker, K. A.; Baker, T.; Baldi, G.; Baldicchi, N.; Ball, M.; Ballardin, G.; Ballmer, S. W.; Banagiri, S.; Banerjee, B.; Bankar, D.; Baptiste, T. M.; Baral, P.; Baratti, M.; Barayoga, J. C.; Barish, B. C.; Barker, D.; Barman, N.; Barneo, P.; Barone, F.; Barr, B.; Barsotti, L.; Barsuglia, M.; Barta, D.; Bartoletti, A. M.; Barton, M. A.; Bartos, I.; Basalaev, A.; Bassiri, R.; Basti, A.; Bawaj, M.; Baxi, P.; Bayley, J. C.; Baylor, A. C.; Baynard, P. A.; Bazzan, M.; Bedakihale, V. M.; Beirnaert, F.; Bejger, M.; Belardinelli, D.; Bell, A. S.; Bellie, D. S.; Bellizzi, L.; Benoit, W.; Bentara, I.; Bentley, J. D.; Ben Yaala, M.; Bera, S.; Bergamin, F.; Berger, B. K.; Bernuzzi, S.; Beroiz, M.; Berry, C. P. L.; Bersanetti, D.; Bertheas, T.; Bertolini, A.; Betzwieser, J.; Beveridge, D.; Bevilacqua, G.; Bevins, N.; Bhandare, R.; Bhatt, R.; Bhattacharjee, D.; Bhattacharyya, S.; Bhaumik, S.; Biancalana, V.; Bianchi, A.; Bilenko, I. A.; Billingsley, G.; Binetti, A.; Bini, S.; Binu, C.; Biot, S.; Birnholtz, O.; Biscoveanu, S.; Bisht, A.; Bitossi, M.; Bizouard, M.-A.; Blaber, S.; Blackburn, J. K.; Blagg, L. A.; Blair, C. D.; Blair, D. G.; Bode, N.; Boettner, N.; Boileau, G.; Boldrini, M.; Bolingbroke, G. N.; Bolliand, A.; Bonavena, L. D.; Bondarescu, R.; Bondu, F.; Bonilla, E.; Bonilla, M. S.; Bonino, A.; Bonnand, R.; Borchers, A.; Borhanian, S.; Boschi, V.; Bose, S.; Bossilkov, V.; Bothra, Y.; Boudon, A.; Bourg, L.; Boyle, M.; Bozzi, A.; Bradaschia, C.; Brady, P. R.; Branch, A.; Branchesi, M.; Braun, I.; Briant, T.; Brillet, A.; Brinkmann, M.; Brockill, P.; Brockmueller, E.; Brooks, A. F.; Brown, B. C.; Brown, D. D.; Brozzetti, M. L.; Brunett, S.; Bruno, G.; Bruntz, R.; Bryant, J.; Bu, Y.; Bucci, F.; Buchanan, J.; Bulashenko, O.; Bulik, T.; Bulten, H. J.; Buonanno, A.; Burtnyk, K.; Buscicchio, R.; Buskulic, D.; Buy, C.; Byer, R. L.; Cabourn Davies, G. S.; Cabrita, R.; Cáceres-Barbosa, V.; Cadonati, L.; Cagnoli, G.; Cahillane, C.; Calafat, A.; Calderón Bustillo, J.; Callister, T. A.; Calloni, E.; Callos, S. R.; Caneva Santoro, G.; Cannon, K. C.; Cao, H.; Capistran, L. A.; Capocasa, E.; Capote, E.; Capurri, G.; Carapella, G.; Carbognani, F.; Carlassara, M.; Carlin, J. B.; Carlson, T. K.; Carney, M. F.; Carpinelli, M.; Carrillo, G.; Carter, J. J.; Carullo, G.; Casallas-Lagos, A.; Casanueva Diaz, J.; Casentini, C.; Castro-Lucas, S. Y.; Caudill, S.; Cavaglià, M.; Cavalieri, R.; Ceja, A.; Cella, G.; Cerdá-Durán, P.; Cesarini, E.; Chabbra, N.; Chaibi, W.; Chakraborty, A.; Chakraborty, P.; Chakraborty, S.; Chalathadka Subrahmanya, S.; Chan, J. C. L.; Chan, M.; Chang, K.; Chao, S.; Charlton, P.; Chassande-Mottin, E.; Chatterjee, C.; Chatterjee, Debarati; Chatterjee, Deep; Chaturvedi, M.; Chaty, S.; Chatziioannou, K.; Chen, A.; Chen, A. H.-Y.; Chen, D.; Chen, H.; Chen, H. Y.; Chen, S.; Chen, Yanbei; Chen, Yitian; Cheng, H. P.; Chessa, P.; Cheung, H. T.; Cheung, S. Y.; Chiadini, F.; Chiaramello, D.; Chiarini, G.; Chiba, A.; Chincarini, A.; Chiofalo, M. L.; Chiummo, A.; Chou, C.; Choudhary, S.; Christensen, N.; Chua, S. S. Y.; Ciani, G.; Ciecielag, P.; Cieślar, M.; Cifaldi, M.; Cirok, B.; Clara, F.; Clark, J. A.; Clarke, T. A.; Clearwater, P.; Clesse, S.; Cleva, F.; Coccia, E.; Codazzo, E.; Cohadon, P.-F.; Colace, S.; Colangeli, E.; Colleoni, M.; Collette, C. G.; Collins, J.; Colloms, S.; Colombo, A.; Compton, C. M.; Connolly, G.; Conti, L.; Corbitt, T. R.; Cordero-Carrión, I.; Corezzi, S.; Cornish, N. J.; Coronado, I.; Corsi, A.; Cottingham, R.; Coughlin, M. W.; Couineaux, A.; Couvares, P.; Coward, D. M.; Coyne, R.; Cozzumbo, A.; Creighton, J. D. E.; Creighton, T. D.; Cremonese, P.; Crook, S.; Crouch, R.; Csizmazia, J.; Cudell, J. R.; Cullen, T. J.; Cumming, A.; Cuoco, E.; Cusinato, M.; Da Conceição, L. V.; Dal Canton, T.; Dal Pra, S.; Dálya, G.; D'Angelo, B.; Danilishin, S.; D'Antonio, S.; Danzmann, K.; Darroch, K. E.; Dartez, L. P.; Das, R.; Dasgupta, A.; Dattilo, V.; Daumas, A.; Davari, N.; Dave, I.; Davenport, A.; Davier, M.; Davies, T. F.; Davis, D.; Davis, L.; Davis, M. C.; Davis, P.; Daw, E. J.; Dax, M.; De Bolle, J.; Deenadayalan, M.; Degallaix, J.; De Laurentis, M.; De Lillo, F.; Della Torre, S.; Del Pozzo, W.; Demagny, A.; De Marco, F.; Demasi, G.; De Matteis, F.; Demos, N.; Dent, T.; Depasse, A.; DePergola, N.; De Pietri, R.; De Rosa, R.; De Rossi, C.; Desai, M.; DeSalvo, R.; DeSimone, A.; De Simone, R.; Dhani, A.; Dhurkunde, R.; Diab, R.; Díaz, M. C.; Di Cesare, M.; Dideron, G.; Dietrich, T.; Di Fiore, L.; Di Fronzo, C.; Di Giovanni, M.; Di Girolamo, T.; Diksha, D.; Ding, J.; Di Pace, S.; Di Palma, I.; Di Piero, D.; Di Renzo, F.; Divyajyoti; Dmitriev, A.; Docherty, J. P.; Doctor, Z.; Doerksen, N.; Dohmen, E.; Doke, A.; Domiciano De Souza, A.; D'Onofrio, L.; Donovan, F.; Dooley, K. L.; Dooney, T.; Doravari, S.; Dorosh, O.; Doyle, W. J. D.; Drago, M.; Driggers, J. C.; Dunn, L.; Dupletsa, U.; Duverne, P.-A.; D'Urso, D.; Dutta Roy, P.; Duval, H.; Dwyer, S. E.; Eassa, C.; East, W. E.; Ebersold, M.; Eckhardt, T.; Eddolls, G.; Effler, A.; Eichholz, J.; Einsle, H.; Eisenmann, M.; Emma, M.; Endo, K.; Enficiaud, R.; Errico, L.; Espinosa, R.; Esposito, M.; Essick, R. C.; Estellés, H.; Etzel, T.; Evans, M.; Evstafyeva, T.; Ewing, B. E.; Ezquiaga, J. M.; Fabrizi, F.; Fafone, V.; Fairhurst, S.; Farah, A. M.; Farr, B.; Farr, W. M.; Favaro, G.; Favata, M.; Fays, M.; Fazio, M.; Feicht, J.; Fejer, M. M.; Felicetti, R.; Fenyvesi, E.; Fernandes, J.; Fernandes, T.; Fernando, D.; Ferraiuolo, S.; Ferreira, T. A.; Fidecaro, F.; Figura, P.; Fiori, A.; Fiori, I.; Fishbach, M.; Fisher, R. P.; Fittipaldi, R.; Fiumara, V.; Flaminio, R.; Fleischer, S. M.; Fleming, L. S.; Floden, E.; Fong, H.; Font, J. A.; Fontinele-Nunes, F.; Foo, C.; Fornal, B.; Franceschetti, K.; Frappez, F.; Frasca, S.; Frasconi, F.; Freed, J. P.; Frei, Z.; Freise, A.; Freitas, O.; Frey, R.; Frischhertz, W.; Fritschel, P.; Frolov, V. V.; Fronzé, G. G.; Fuentes-Garcia, M.; Fujii, S.; Fujimori, T.; Fulda, P.; Fyffe, M.; Gadre, B.; Gair, J. R.; Galaudage, S.; Galdi, V.; Gamba, R.; Gamboa, A.; Gamoji, S.; Ganapathy, D.; Ganguly, A.; Garaventa, B.; García-Bellido, J.; García-Quirós, C.; Gardner, J. W.; Gardner, K. A.; Garg, S.; Gargiulo, J.; Garrido, X.; Garron, A.; Garufi, F.; Garver, P. A.; Gasbarra, C.; Gateley, B.; Gautier, F.; Gayathri, V.; Gayer, T.; Gemme, G.; Gennai, A.; Gennari, V.; George, J.; George, R.; Gerberding, O.; Gergely, L.; Ghosh, Archisman; Ghosh, Sayantan; Ghosh, Shaon; Ghosh, Shrobana; Ghosh, Suprovo; Ghosh, Tathagata; Giaime, J. A.; Giardina, K. D.; Gibson, D. R.; Gier, C.; Gkaitatzis, S.; Glanzer, J.; Glotin, F.; Godfrey, J.; Godley, R. V.; Godwin, P.; Goettel, A. S.; Goetz, E.; Golomb, J.; Gomez Lopez, S.; Goncharov, B.; González, G.; Goodarzi, P.; Goode, S.; Goodwin-Jones, A. W.; Gosselin, M.; Gouaty, R.; Gould, D. W.; Govorkova, K.; Grado, A.; Graham, V.; Granados, A. E.; Granata, M.; Granata, V.; Gras, S.; Grassia, P.; Graves, J.; Gray, C.; Gray, R.; Greco, G.; Green, A. C.; Green, L.; Green, S. M.; Green, S. R.; Greenberg, C.; Gretarsson, A. M.; Griffin, H. K.; Griffith, D.; Griggs, H. L.; Grignani, G.; Grimaud, C.; Grote, H.; Grunewald, S.; Guerra, D.; Guetta, D.; Guidi, G. M.; Guimaraes, A. R.; Gulati, H. K.; Gulminelli, F.; Guo, H.; Guo, W.; Guo, Y.; Gupta, Anuradha; Gupta, I.; Gupta, N. C.; Gupta, S. K.; Gupta, V.; Gupte, N.; Gurs, J.; Gutierrez, N.; Guttman, N.; Guzman, F.; Haba, D.; Haberland, M.; Haino, S.; Hall, E. D.; Hamilton, E. Z.; Hammond, G.; Haney, M.; Hanks, J.; Hanna, C.; Hannam, M. D.; Hannuksela, O. A.; Hanselman, A. G.; Hansen, H.; Hanson, J.; Hanumasagar, S.; Harada, R.; Hardison, A. R.; Harikumar, S.; Haris, K.; Harley-Trochimczyk, I.; Harmark, T.; Harms, J.; Harry, G. M.; Harry, I. W.; Hart, J.; Haskell, B.; Haster, C. J.; Haughian, K.; Hayakawa, H.; Hayama, K.; Heffernan, A.; Heintze, M. C.; Heinze, J.; Heinzel, J.; Heitmann, H.; Hellman, F.; Helmling-Cornell, A. F.; Hemming, G.; Henderson-Sapir, O.; Hendry, M.; Heng, I. S.; Hennig, M. H.; Henshaw, C.; Heurs, M.; Hewitt, A. L.; Heynen, J.; Heyns, J.; Higginbotham, S.; Hild, S.; Hill, S.; Himemoto, Y.; Hirata, N.; Hirose, C.; Hofman, D.; Hogan, B. E.; Holland, N. A.; Hollows, I. J.; Holz, D. E.; Honet, L.; Horton-Bailey, D. J.; Hough, J.; Hourihane, S.; Howard, N. T.; Howell, E. J.; Hoy, C. G.; Hrishikesh, C. A.; Hsi, P.; Hsieh, H.-F.; Hsieh, H.-Y.; Hsiung, C.; Hsu, S.-H.; Hsu, W.-F.; Hu, Q.; Huang, H. Y.; Huang, Y.; Huang, Y. T.; Huddart, A. D.; Hughey, B.; Hui, V.; Husa, S.; Huxford, R.; Iampieri, L.; Iandolo, G. A.; Ianni, M.; Iannone, G.; Iascau, J.; Ide, K.; Iden, R.; Ierardi, A.; Ikeda, S.; Imafuku, H.; Inoue, Y.; Iorio, G.; Iosif, P.; Iqbal, M. H.; Irwin, J.; Ishikawa, R.; Isi, M.; Isleif, K. S.; Itoh, Y.; Iwaya, M.; Iyer, B. R.; Jacquet, C.; Jacquet, P.-E.; Jacquot, T.; Jadhav, S. J.; Jadhav, S. P.; Jain, M.; Jain, T.; James, A. L.; Jani, K.; Janquart, J.; Janthalur, N. N.; Jaraba, S.; Jaranowski, P.; Jaume, R.; Javed, W.; Jennings, A.; Jensen, M.; Jia, W.; Jiang, J.; Jin, H.-B.; Johns, G. R.; Johnson, N. A.; Johnston, M. C.; Johnston, R.; Johny, N.; Jones, D. H.; Jones, D. I.; Jones, R.; Jose, H. E.; Joshi, P.; Joshi, S. K.; Joubert, G.; Ju, J.; Ju, L.; Jung, K.; Junker, J.; Juste, V.; Kabagoz, H. B.; Kajita, T.; Kaku, I.; Kalogera, V.; Kalomenopoulos, M.; Kamiizumi, M.; Kanda, N.; Kandhasamy, S.; Kang, G.; Kannachel, N. C.; Kanner, J. B.; KantiMahanty, S. A.; Kapadia, S. J.; Kapasi, D. P.; Karthikeyan, M.; Kasprzack, M.; Kato, H.; Kato, T.; Katsavounidis, E.; Katzman, W.; Kaushik, R.; Kawabe, K.; Kawamoto, R.; Keitel, D.; Kemperman, L. J.; Kennington, J.; Kerkow, F. A.; Kesharwani, R.; Key, J. S.; Khadela, R.; Khadka, S.; Khadkikar, S. S.; Khalili, F. Y.; Khan, F.; Khanam, T.; Khursheed, M.; Khusid, N. M.; Kiendrebeogo, W.; Kijbunchoo, N.; Kim, C.; Kim, J. C.; Kim, K.; Kim, M. H.; Kim, S.; Kim, Y.-M.; Kimball, C.; Kimes, K.; Kinnear, M.; Kissel, J. S.; Klimenko, S.; Knee, A. M.; Knox, E. J.; Knust, N.; Kobayashi, K.; Koehlenbeck, S. M.; Koekoek, G.; Kohri, K.; Kokeyama, K.; Koley, S.; Kolitsidou, P.; Koloniari, A. E.; Komori, K.; Kong, A. K. H.; Kontos, A.; Koponen, L. M.; Korobko, M.; Kou, X.; Koushik, A.; Kouvatsos, N.; Kovalam, M.; Koyama, T.; Kozak, D. B.; Kranzhoff, S. L.; Kringel, V.; Krishnendu, N. V.; Kroker, S.; Królak, A.; Kruska, K.; Kubisz, J.; Kuehn, G.; Kulkarni, S.; Kulur Ramamohan, A.; Kumar, Achal; Kumar, Anil; Kumar, Praveen; Kumar, Prayush; Kumar, Rahul; Kumar, Rakesh; Kume, J.; Kuns, K.; Kuntimaddi, N.; Kuroyanagi, S.; Kuwahara, S.; Kwak, K.; Kwan, K.; Kwon, S.; Lacaille, G.; Laghi, D.; Laity, A. H.; Lalande, E.; Lalleman, M.; Lalremruati, P. C.; Landry, M.; Lane, B. B.; Lang, R. N.; Lange, J.; Langgin, R.; Lantz, B.; L. Rosa, I.; Larsen, J.; Lartaux-Vollard, A.; Lasky, P. D.; Lawrence, J.; Laxen, M.; Lazarte, C.; Lazzarini, A.; Lazzaro, C.; Leaci, P.; Leali, L.; Lecoeuche, Y. K.; Lee, H. M.; Lee, H. W.; Lee, J.; Lee, K.; Lee, R.-K.; Lee, R.; Lee, Sungho; Lee, Sunjae; Lee, Y.; Legred, I. N.; Lehmann, J.; Lehner, L.; Le Jean, M.; Lematre, A.; Lenti, M.; Leonardi, M.; Lequime, M.; Leroy, N.; Lesovsky, M.; Letendre, N.; Lethuillier, M.; Levin, Y.; Leyde, K.; Li, A. K. Y.; Li, K. L.; Li, T. G. F.; Li, X.; Li, Y.; Li, Z.; Lihos, A.; Lin, E. T.; Lin, F.; Lin, L. C.-C.; Lin, Y.-C.; Lindsay, C.; Linker, S. D.; Liu, A.; Liu, G. C.; Liu, Jian; Llamas Villarreal, F.; Llobera-Querol, J.; Lo, R. K. L.; Locquet, J.-P.; Loggins, S. C. G.; Loizou, M. R.; London, L. T.; Longo, A.; Lopez, D.; Lopez Portilla, M.; Lorenzo-Medina, A.; Loriette, V.; Lormand, M.; Losurdo, G.; Lotti, E.; Lott IV, T. P.; Lough, J. D.; Loughlin, H. A.; Lousto, C. O.; Low, N.; Lu, N.; Lucchesi, L.; Lück, H.; Lumaca, D.; Lundgren, A. P.; Lussier, A. W.; Macas, R.; MacInnis, M.; Macleod, D. M.; MacMillan, I. A. O.; Macquet, A.; Maeda, K.; Maenaut, S.; Magare, S. S.; Magee, R. M.; Maggio, E.; Maggiore, R.; Magnozzi, M.; Mahapatra, P.; Mahesh, M.; Maini, M.; Majhi, S.; Majorana, E.; Makarem, C. N.; Malagon, N.; Malakar, D.; Malaquias-Reis, J. A.; Mali, U.; Maliakal, S.; Malik, A.; Mallick, L.; Malz, A.-K.; Man, N.; Mancarella, M.; Mandic, V.; Mangano, V.; Manning, N.; Mannix, B.; Mansell, G. L.; Manske, M.; Mantovani, M.; Mapelli, M.; Marinelli, C.; Marion, F.; Markosyan, A. S.; Markowitz, A.; Maros, E.; Marsat, S.; Martelli, F.; Martin, I. W.; Martin, R. M.; Martinez, B. B.; Martinez, D. A.; Martinez, M.; Martinez, V.; Martini, A.; Martins, J. C.; Martynov, D. V.; Marx, E. J.; Massaro, L.; Masserot, A.; Masso-Reid, M.; Mastrogiovanni, S.; Matcovich, T.; Matiushechkina, M.; Maurin, L.; Mavalvala, N.; Maxwell, N.; McCarrol, G.; McCarthy, R.; McClelland, D. E.; McCormick, S.; McCuller, L.; McEachin, S.; McElhenny, C.; McGhee, G. I.; McGinn, J.; McGowan, K. B. M.; McIver, J.; McLeod, A.; McMahon, I.; McRae, T.; McTeague, R.; Meacher, D.; Meagher, B. N.; Mechum, R.; Meijer, Q.; Melatos, A.; Menoni, C. S.; Mera, F.; Mercer, R. A.; Mereni, L.; Merfeld, K.; Merilh, E. L.; Mérou, J. R.; Merritt, J. D.; Merzougui, M.; Messick, C.; Mestichelli, B.; Meyer-Conde, M.; Meylahn, F.; Mhaske, A.; Miani, A.; Miao, H.; Michel, C.; Michimura, Y.; Middleton, H.; Mihaylov, D. P.; Miller, S. J.; Millhouse, M.; Milotti, E.; Milotti, V.; Minenkov, Y.; Minihan, E. M.; Mir, Ll. M.; Mirasola, L.; Miravet-Tenés, M.; Miritescu, C.-A.; Mishra, A.; Mishra, C.; Mishra, T.; Mitchell, A. L.; Mitchell, J. G.; Mitra, S.; Mitrofanov, V. P.; Mitsuhashi, K.; Mittleman, R.; Miyakawa, O.; Miyoki, S.; Miyoko, A.; Mo, G.; Mobilia, L.; Mohapatra, S. R. P.; Mohite, S. R.; Molina-Ruiz, M.; Mondin, M.; Montani, M.; Moore, C. J.; Moraru, D.; More, A.; More, S.; Moreno, C.; Moreno, E. A.; Moreno, G.; Moreso Serra, A.; Morisaki, S.; Moriwaki, Y.; Morras, G.; Moscatello, A.; Mould, M.; Mours, B.; Mow-Lowry, C. M.; Muccillo, L.; Muciaccia, F.; Mukherjee, D.; Mukherjee, Samanwaya; Mukherjee, Soma; Mukherjee, Subroto; Mukherjee, Suvodip; Mukund, N.; Mullavey, A.; Mullock, H.; Mundi, J.; Mungioli, C. 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A.; Pálfi, M.; Palma, P. P.; Palomba, C.; Palud, P.; Pan, H.; Pan, J.; Pan, K. C.; Panda, P. K.; Pandey, Shiksha; Pandey, Swadha; Pang, P. T. H.; Pannarale, F.; Pannone, K. A.; Pant, B. C.; Panther, F. H.; Panzeri, M.; Paoletti, F.; Paolone, A.; Papadopoulos, A.; Papalexakis, E. E.; Papalini, L.; Papigkiotis, G.; Paquis, A.; Parisi, A.; Park, B.-J.; Park, J.; Parker, W.; Pascale, G.; Pascucci, D.; Pasqualetti, A.; Passaquieti, R.; Passenger, L.; Passuello, D.; Patane, O.; Patel, A. V.; Pathak, D.; Patra, A.; Patricelli, B.; Patterson, B. G.; Paul, K.; Paul, S.; Payne, E.; Pearce, T.; Pedraza, M.; Pele, A.; Peña Arellano, F. E.; Peng, X.; Peng, Y.; Penn, S.; Penuliar, M. D.; Perego, A.; Pereira, Z.; Périgois, C.; Perna, G.; Perreca, A.; Perret, J.; Perriès, S.; Perry, J. W.; Pesios, D.; Peters, S.; Petracca, S.; Petrillo, C.; Pfeiffer, H. P.; Pham, H.; Pham, K. A.; Phukon, K. S.; Phurailatpam, H.; Piarulli, M.; Piccari, L.; Piccinni, O. 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S.; Salces-Carcoba, F.; Salconi, L.; Saleem, M.; Salemi, F.; Sallé, M.; Salunkhe, S. U.; Salvador, S.; Salvarese, A.; Samajdar, A.; Sanchez, A.; Sanchez, E. J.; Sanchez, L. E.; Sanchis-Gual, N.; Sanders, J. R.; Sänger, E. M.; Santoliquido, F.; Sarandrea, F.; Saravanan, T. R.; Sarin, N.; Sarkar, P.; Sasli, A.; Sassi, P.; Sassolas, B.; Sathyaprakash, B. S.; Sato, R.; Sato, S.; Sato, Yukino; Sato, Yu; Sauter, O.; Savage, R. L.; Sawada, T.; Sawant, H. L.; Sayah, S.; Scacco, V.; Schaetzl, D.; Scheel, M.; Schiebelbein, A.; Schiworski, M. G.; Schmidt, P.; Schmidt, S.; Schnabel, R.; Schneewind, M.; Schofield, R. M. S.; Schouteden, K.; Schulte, B. W.; Schutz, B. F.; Schwartz, E.; Scialpi, M.; Scott, J.; Scott, S. M.; Sedas, R. M.; Seetharamu, T. C.; Seglar-Arroyo, M.; Sekiguchi, Y.; Sellers, D.; Sembo, N.; Sengupta, A. S.; Seo, E. G.; Seo, J. W.; Sequino, V.; Serra, M.; Sevrin, A.; Shaffer, T.; Shah, U. S.; Shaikh, M. A.; Shao, L.; Sharma, A. K.; Sharma, Preeti; Sharma, Prianka; Sharma, Ritwik; Sharma Chaudhary, S.; Shawhan, P.; Shcheblanov, N. S.; Sheridan, E.; Shi, Z.-H.; Shikauchi, M.; Shimomura, R.; Shinkai, H.; Shirke, S.; Shoemaker, D. H.; Shoemaker, D. M.; Short, R. W.; ShyamSundar, S.; Sider, A.; Siegel, H.; Siemonsen, N.; Sigg, D.; Silenzi, L.; Silvestri, L.; Simmonds, M.; Singer, L. P.; Singh, Amitesh; Singh, Anika; Singh, D.; Singh, M. K.; Singh, N.; Singh, S.; Sintes, A. M.; Sipala, V.; Skliris, V.; Slagmolen, B. J. J.; Slater, D. A.; Slaven-Blair, T. J.; Smetana, J.; Smith, J. R.; Smith, L.; Smith, R. J. E.; Smith, W. J.; Soares de Albuquerque Filho, S.; Soares-Santos, M.; Somiya, K.; Song, I.; Soni, S.; Sordini, V.; Sorrentino, F.; Sotani, H.; Spada, F.; Spagnuolo, V.; Spencer, A. P.; Spinicelli, P.; Srivastava, A. K.; Stachurski, F.; Stark, C. J.; Steer, D. A.; Steinle, N.; Steinlechner, J.; Steinlechner, S.; Stergioulas, N.; Stevens, P.; Stevenson, S. P.; StPierre, M.; Strong, M. D.; Strunk, A.; Stuver, A. 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doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ae0d54

Published November 1, 2025 | Version Published

Journal Article Open

GW241011 and GW241110: Exploring Binary Formation and Fundamental Physics with Asymmetric, High-spin Black Hole Coalescences

1. Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics
2. Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory
3. University of Salerno
4. INFN Sezione di Napoli
5. University of Warwick
6. Monash University
7. Pennsylvania State University
8. Leibniz University Hannover
9. University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
10. California Institute of Technology
11. Louisiana State University
12. Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
13. Centre de Physique Théorique
14. Université Catholique de Louvain
15. Queen Mary University of London
16. University of California, Davis
17. University of Minnesota
18. National Institute for Space Research
19. Astroparticle and Cosmology Laboratory
20. University of Rome Tor Vergata
21. INFN Sezione di Roma II
22. University of Antwerp
23. International Centre for Theoretical Sciences
24. National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
25. Friedrich Schiller University Jena
26. INFN Sezione di Torino
27. INFN Sezione di Genova
28. University of Genoa
29. Université Savoie Mont Blanc
30. University of Naples Federico II
31. Cardiff University
32. Australian National University
33. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
34. Maastricht University
35. National Institute for Subatomic Physics
36. INFN Sezione di Roma I
37. Sapienza University of Rome
38. Institut Fresnel
39. Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie
40. University of Tokyo
41. Institute for High Energy Physics
42. Gran Sasso Science Institute
43. Gran Sasso National Laboratory
44. University of Florida
45. University of Udine
46. INFN Sezione di Trieste
47. Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education
48. INFN Sezione di Perugia
49. University of Camerino
50. University of Washington
51. University of Santiago de Compostela
52. California State University, Fullerton
53. University of Strathclyde
54. Claude Bernard University Lyon 1
55. Georgia Institute of Technology
56. Chennai Mathematical Institute
57. Royal Holloway University of London
58. The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI
59. University of Urbino
60. INFN Sezione di Firenze
61. European Gravitational Observatory
62. University of Strasbourg
63. Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University
64. King's College London
65. Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information
66. Osaka University
67. High Energy Accelerator Research Organization
68. Utrecht University
69. University of Western Australia
70. University of Portsmouth
71. University of Trento
72. Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications
73. University of Perugia
74. University of Oregon
75. Syracuse University
76. Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics
77. INFN Sezione di Pisa
78. University of Pisa
79. University of Barcelona
80. Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya
81. University of Glasgow
82. Wigner Research Centre for Physics
83. Concordia University Wisconsin
84. Stanford University
85. University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
86. University of Padua
87. INFN Sezione di Padova
88. Institute for Plasma Research
89. Ghent University
90. Polish Academy of Sciences
91. Northwestern University
92. Universität Hamburg
93. University of the Balearic Islands
94. Laboratoire des 2 Infinis - Toulouse (L2IT-IN2P3), F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
95. University of Siena
96. Villanova University
97. Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology
98. Kenyon College
99. Missouri University of Science and Technology
100. Indian Institute of Technology Madras
101. VU Amsterdam
102. Lomonosov Moscow State University
103. KU Leuven
104. Rochester Institute of Technology
105. Université Libre de Bruxelles
106. Bar-Ilan University
107. Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur
108. University of British Columbia
109. University of Adelaide
110. French National Centre for Scientific Research
111. University of Rennes 1
112. University of Birmingham
113. Washington State University
114. Cornell University
115. Kastler-Brossel Laboratory
116. Christopher Newport University
117. University of Melbourne
118. University of Warsaw
119. University of Maryland, College Park
120. University of Milano-Bicocca
121. INFN Sezione di Milano Bicocca
122. Institut Lumière Matière
123. University of Chicago
124. Williams College
125. University of Arizona
126. University of Massachusetts Dartmouth
127. University of Copenhagen
128. University of Guadalajara
129. Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology
130. Colorado State University
131. University of Valencia
132. National Central University
133. National Tsing Hua University
134. Charles Sturt University
135. Vanderbilt University
136. National Chiao Tung University
137. The University of Texas at Austin
138. Northeastern University
139. University of Toyama
140. Carleton College
141. University of Szeged
142. Swinburne University of Technology
143. University of Cagliari
144. Brera Astronomical Observatory
145. Montana State University
146. University of Utah
147. Johns Hopkins University
148. University of Rhode Island
149. The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
150. University of Liège
151. University of Bologna
152. INFN Sezione di Bologna
153. University of Manitoba
154. INFN-CNAF - Bologna, Viale Carlo Berti Pichat, 6/2, 40127 Bologna BO, Italy
155. University of Sassari
156. Laboratori Nazionali del Sud
157. Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire de Caen
158. University of Sheffield
159. University of Florence
160. University of Parma
161. INFN, Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
162. California State University, Long Beach
163. Marquette University
164. Perimeter Institute
165. Mines ParisTech
166. University of Trieste
167. National Centre for Nuclear Research
168. Vrije Universiteit Brussel
169. University of Zurich
170. Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics
171. Stony Brook University
172. Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010, USA
173. Montclair State University
174. Institute for Nuclear Research
175. Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
176. University of Minho
177. Center for Particle Physics of Marseilles
178. Superconducting and other Innovative Materials and Devices Institute
179. University of Basilicata
180. Western Washington University
181. University of the West of Scotland
182. Barry University
183. Eötvös Loránd University
184. Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto-cho, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
185. University of Sannio
186. University of California, Berkeley
187. Institute for Theoretical Physics
188. Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du Mans, UMR CNRS 6613, F-72085 L. Mans, France
189. University of Southampton
190. University of California, Riverside
191. Roma Tre University
192. University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
193. University of Nottingham
194. Ariel University
195. University of Mississippi
196. Graduate School of Science, Institute of Science Tokyo, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
197. Academia Sinica
198. Chinese University of Hong Kong
199. American University
200. University of Milan
201. INFN Sezione di Milano
202. Fukuoka University
203. University of Cambridge
204. Lancaster University
205. Nihon University
206. Niigata University
207. Tamkang University
208. Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
209. Aoyama Gakuin University
210. Helmut Schmidt University
211. Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto-cho, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
212. Department of Atomic Energy
213. Observatory of Strasbourg
214. University of Białystok
215. National Astronomical Observatories
216. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
217. Sungkyunkwan University
218. Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
219. Chung-Ang University
220. University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, WA 98011, USA
221. University of Ouagadougou
222. Ewha Womans University
223. National Institute for Mathematical Sciences
224. Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
225. Chungnam National University
226. Nagoya University
227. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
228. Bard College
229. Technische Universität Braunschweig
230. Institute of Mathematics
231. Jagiellonian University
232. University of Montreal
233. Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
234. Seoul National University
235. Inje University
236. Université Gustave Eiffel
237. National Cheng Kung University
238. St. Thomas University
239. Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa
240. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats
241. Heidelberg University
242. Tokyo City University
243. Tsinghua University
244. Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques
245. Ryukoku University
246. University of Stavanger
247. Hiroshima University
248. University of Amsterdam
249. University College London
250. Paris Observatory
251. Laboratory Universe and Theories
252. University of Maryland, Baltimore County
253. Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute
254. Institute for Complex Systems
255. Yonsei University
256. Hobart and William Smith Colleges
257. Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
258. Enrico Fermi Center for Study and Research
259. Kennesaw State University
260. Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et des Technologies Associées
261. University of Antioquia
262. Technical University of Madrid
263. National Institute of Technology
264. Trinity College
265. University of Ferrara
266. Toho University
267. Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar
268. Peking University
269. Laboratoire MSME, Cité Descartes, 5 Boulevard Descartes, Champs-sur-Marne, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée Cedex 2, France
270. Osaka Institute of Technology
271. Princeton University
272. Goddard Space Flight Center
273. Kōchi University
274. Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS de Lyon
275. Deceased 2024 September.
276. Kyoto University
277. University of Catania
278. National Defense Academy of Japan
279. Eindhoven University of Technology
280. Deceased 2025 August.
281. Beijing Normal University
282. Wuhan University

We report the observation of gravitational waves from two binary black hole coalescences during the fourth observing run of the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA detector network, GW241011 and GW241110. The sources of these two signals are characterized by rapid and precisely measured primary spins, nonnegligible spin–orbit misalignment, and unequal mass ratios between their constituent black holes. These properties are characteristic of binaries in which the more massive object was itself formed from a previous binary black hole merger and suggest that the sources of GW241011 and GW241110 may have formed in dense stellar environments in which repeated mergers can take place. As the third-loudest gravitational-wave event published to date, with a median network signal-to-noise ratio of 36.0, GW241011 furthermore yields stringent constraints on the Kerr nature of black holes, the multipolar structure of gravitational-wave generation, and the existence of ultralight bosons within the mass range 10⁻¹³–10⁻¹² eV.

Copyright and License

© 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

Acknowledgement

This material is based upon work supported by NSF’s LIGO Laboratory, which is a major facility fully funded by the National Science Foundation. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the support of the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) of the United Kingdom, the Max-Planck-Society (MPS), and the State of Niedersachsen/Germany for support of the construction of Advanced LIGO and construction and operation of the GEO 600 detector. Additional support for Advanced LIGO was provided by the Australian Research Council. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) for the construction and operation of the Virgo detector and the creation and support of the EGO consortium. The authors also gratefully acknowledge research support from these agencies as well as by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research of India, the Department of Science and Technology, India, the Science & Engineering Research Board (SERB), India, the Ministry of Human Resource Development, India, the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR (PRTR-C17.I1), the ICSC—CentroNazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing, funded by the European Union NextGenerationEU, the Comunitat Autonòma de les Illes Balears through the Conselleria d’Educació i Universitats, the Conselleria d’Innovació, Universitats, Ciència i Societat Digital de la Generalitat Valenciana and the CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain, the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange, the National Science Centre of Poland and the European Union—European Regional Development Fund; the Foundation for Polish Science (FNP), the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), the Russian Science Foundation, the European Commission, the European Social Funds (ESF), the European Regional Development Funds (ERDF), the Royal Society, the Scottish Funding Council, the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA), the French Lyon Institute of Origins (LIO), the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FRS-FNRS), Actions de Recherche Concertées (ARC) and Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek—Vlaanderen (FWO), Belgium, the Paris I^le-de-France Region, the National Research, Development and Innovation Office of Hungary (NKFIH), the National Research Foundation of Korea, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI), the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovations, the International Center for Theoretical Physics South American Institute for Fundamental Research (ICTP-SAIFR), the Research grants Council of Hong Kong, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), the Israel Science Foundation (ISF), the US-Israel Binational Science Fund (BSF), the Leverhulme Trust, the Research Corporation, the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC), Taiwan, the United States Department of Energy, and the Kavli Foundation. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the NSF, STFC, INFN, and CNRS for provision of computational resources. This work was supported by MEXT, the JSPS Leading-edge Research Infrastructure Program, JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research 26000005, JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas 2402: 24103006, 24103005, and 2905: JP17H06358, JP17H06361, and JP17H06364, JSPS Core-to-Core Program A. Advanced Research Networks, JSPS Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S) 17H06133 and 20H05639, JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Transformative Research Areas (A) 20A203: JP20H05854, the joint research program of the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, the National Research Foundation (NRF), the Computing Infrastructure Project of the Global Science experimental Data hub Center (GSDC) at KISTI, the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) in Korea, Academia Sinica (AS), the AS Grid Center (ASGC) and the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) in Taiwan under grants including the Science Vanguard Research Program, the Advanced Technology Center (ATC) of NAOJ, and the Mechanical Engineering Center of KEK.

We are grateful for the valuable feedback provided by anonymous reviewers. Additional acknowledgments for support of individual authors may be found in the following document: https://dcc.ligo.org/LIGO-M2300033/public. For the purpose of open access, the authors have applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising. We request that citations to this article use “A. G. Abac et al. (LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration), ...” or similar phrasing, depending on journal convention.

Data Availability

Strain data from the LIGO and Virgo observatories associated with GW241011 and GW241110 are available from the Gravitational Wave Open Science Center. Datasets generated as part of this study, including posterior samples on the source properties of both events, are available on Zenodo, together with notebooks reproducing figures in this Letter (LIGO Scientific Collaboration et al. 2025).

Software References

Calibration of the LIGO strain data was performed with a GstLAL-based calibration software pipeline (A. Viets et al. 2018). Data-quality products and event-validation results were computed using the DMT (J. Zweizig 2006), DQR (LIGO Scientific Collaboration & Virgo Collaboration 2018), DQSEGDB (R. P. Fisher et al. 2021), gwdetchar (D. Macleod et al. 2021), hveto (J. R. Smith et al. 2011), iDQ (R. Essick et al. 2020), Omicron (F. Robinet et al. 2020), and PythonVirgoTools(Virgo Collaboration 2021) software packages and contributing software tools. Analyses in this catalog relied on software from the LVK Algorithm Library Suite (LIGO Scientific Collaboration et al. 2018; K. Wette 2020). The detection of the signals and subsequent significance evaluations were performed with the GstLAL-based inspiral software pipeline (C. Messick et al. 2017; S. Sachdev et al. 2019; C. Hanna et al. 2020; K. Cannon et al. 2021; A. Ray et al. 2023; L. Tsukada et al. 2023; B. Ewing et al. 2024; S. Sakon et al. 2024; P. Joshi et al. 2025a, 2025b), with the MBTA pipeline (T. Adams et al. 2016; F. Aubin et al. 2021; C. Alléné et al. 2025), and with the PyCBC (S. A. Usman et al. 2016; A. H. Nitz et al. 2017; A. H. Nitz 2018; G. S. Davies et al. 2020; T. Dal Canton et al. 2021) packages. Estimates of the noise spectra and glitch models were obtained using BayesWave(N. J. Cornish & T. B. Littenberg 2015; T. B. Littenberg & N. J. Cornish 2015; T. B. Littenberg et al. 2016; N. J. Cornish et al. 2021; T. Gupta & N. J. Cornish 2024). Low-latency source localization was performed using BAYESTAR(L. P. Singer & L. R. Price 2016). Source-parameter estimation was performed with the Bilby library (G. Ashton et al. 2019; I. M. Romero-Shaw et al. 2020b), using the Dynesty nested sampling package(J. S. Speagle 2020), and the RIFT (C. Pankow et al. 2015; J. Lange et al. 2017; D. Wysocki et al. 2019) package. SEOBNRv5PHM waveforms used in parameter estimation were generated using pySEOBNR (D. P. Mihaylov et al. 2025). PESummary was used to postprocess and collate parameter estimation results (C. Hoy & V. Raymond 2021). The various stages of the parameter estimation analysis were managed with the Asimov library (D. Williams et al. 2023). Population inference was performed with the GWPopulation package(C. Talbot et al. 2025). The SuperRad package (N. Siemonsen et al. 2023; T. May et al. 2025) was used to characterize superradiance phenomena. Plots were prepared with Matplotlib (J. D. Hunter 2007). NumPy (C. R. Harris et al. 2020) and SciPy (P. Virtanen et al. 2020) were used for analyses in the manuscript.

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Featured in: Caltech News: https://www.pma.caltech.edu/news/colliding-black-holes-might-have-formed-from-earlier-cosmic-smashups (URL)
Is new version of: Discussion Paper: arXiv:2510.26931 (arXiv)

National Science Foundation
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
26000005
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
24103006
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
24103005
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
JP17H06358
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
JP17H06361
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
JP17H06364
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
17H06133
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
20H05639
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
JP20H05854

Accepted: 2025-09-26
Available: 2025-10-28

Published online

Caltech groups: TAPIR, Astronomy Department, LIGO, Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy (PMA)
Publication Status: Published

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GW241011 and GW241110: Exploring Binary Formation and Fundamental Physics with Asymmetric, High-spin Black Hole Coalescences

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GW241011 and GW241110: Exploring Binary Formation and Fundamental Physics with Asymmetric, High-spin Black Hole Coalescences

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