Long-Term Stable Nonlinear Evolutions of Ultracompact Black-Hole Mimickers
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1.
University of Cambridge
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2.
KU Leuven
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3.
Perimeter Institute
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4.
Johns Hopkins University
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5.
California Institute of Technology
Abstract
We study the stability of ultracompact boson stars admitting light rings combining a perturbative analysis with 3+1 numerical-relativity simulations with and without symmetry assumptions. We observe excellent agreement between all perturbative and numerical results, which uniformly support the hypothesis that this family of black-hole mimickers is separated into stable and unstable branches by extremal-mass configurations. This separation includes, in particular, thin-shell boson stars with light rings located on the stable branch, which we conclude to represent long-term stable black-hole mimickers.
Copyright and License
Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.
Acknowledgement
G. A. M. is supported by the Cambridge Trust at the University of Cambridge. S. S. is supported by the Centre for Doctoral Training at the University of Cambridge, funded through STFC. T. E. acknowledges the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, supported by the Government of Canada through the Department of Innovation, Science and Economic Development and by the Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Colleges and Universities. This work has been supported by STFC Research Grant No. ST/V005669/1. We acknowledge support by the NSF Grants No. PHY-090003, No. PHY-1626190, and No. PHY-2110594; DiRAC Projects No. ACTP284 and No. ACTP238; STFC capital Grants No. ST/P002307/1, No. ST/R002452/1, No. ST/I006285/1, and No. ST/V005618/1; and STFC operations Grant No. ST/R00689X/1. Computations were done on the CSD3 and Fawcett (Cambridge), Cosma (Durham), Niagara (Toronto), Narval (Montreal), Stampede2 (TACC), and Expanse (SDSC) clusters.
Data Availability
The data are not publicly available. The data are available from the authors upon reasonable request.
Supplemental Material
The supplemental material provides an assessment of our numerical convergence, additional results for the S06A044 model, a detailed calculation of the radial perturbation frequencies, details on the extraction of the effective potential and a brief summary of the set-up used to obtain the ray traced images.
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Additional details
Related works
- Is new version of
- Discussion Paper: arXiv:2504.17775 (arXiv)
- Is supplemented by
- Supplemental Material: https://journals.aps.org/prl/supplemental/10.1103/lk48-7r2f/Supp_mat_PRL.pdf (URL)
Funding
- Cambridge Commonwealth European and International Trust
- University of Cambridge
- Government of Canada
- Science and Technology Facilities Council
- ST/V005669/1
- National Science Foundation
- PHY-090003
- National Science Foundation
- PHY-1626190
- National Science Foundation
- PHY-2110594
- Institute for Data Intensive Research in Astrophysics and Cosmology, University of Washington
- ACTP284
- Institute for Data Intensive Research in Astrophysics and Cosmology, University of Washington
- ACTP238
- Science and Technology Facilities Council
- ST/P002307/1
- Science and Technology Facilities Council
- ST/R002452/1
- Science and Technology Facilities Council
- ST/I006285/1
- Science and Technology Facilities Council
- ST/V005618/1
- Science and Technology Facilities Council
- ST/R00689X/1
Dates
- Accepted
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2025-09-05