Chapter_2.pdf

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Sixth paper and summary.

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Experimental data

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Drei Klassiker der Str ̈omungslehre: Hagen, Poiseuille, Hagenbach

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Mean velocity*, one profile, figures 14, 15.

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BANERJEA, G.B. and PLATTANAIK, B. 1938 Die Bestimmung der

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Mu for Millikan.

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A74

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Transition according to

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dans les tuyaux. M ́emoires pr ́esent ́es par divers savants `a l’Acad ́emie des

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1902).

BEARDEN, J.A. 1939 A precise determination of the viscosity of air.

Physical Review

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Mu for Millikan. Kestin and Wakeham say

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BECKER, A. 1907

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Em-

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Mean velocity*, figures B3-B5, table 4. Wall-law for Preston tube, figure 20.

Friction coefficient, tables A1, A2.

L/D

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BINGHAM, E.C. and WHITE, G.F. 1912 Fluidit ̈at und die Hydrat-

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One tube broken into six pieces.

BINGHAM, E.C. and THOMPSON, T.R. 1928 The fluidity of mer-

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No-slip

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BLASIUS, H. 1911 Das

Ahnlichkeitsgesetz bei Reibungsvorg ̈angen.

Physikalische Zeitschr.

, 1175–1177.

Brief note;

∼

−

1

4

for pipe.

Precedes VDI Foheft.

BLASIUS, H. 1913 Das Aehnlichkeitsgesetz bei Reibungsvorg ̈angen

in Fl ̈ussigkeiten. Mitteilungen ̈uber Forschungsarbeiten auf dem Gebiete des

Ingenieurwesens, Verein deutscher Ingenieure, Heft 131, 1–40 (preliminary

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Friction coefficient*, figures 9–16, tables 9–16. See

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BOND, W.N. 1937 The viscosity of air. Proceedings of the Physical

Society of London

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BOSE, E. and BOSE, M. 1911

Uber die Turbulenzreibung verschied-

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, 126–135, (preliminary ver-

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1909).

Cites Reynolds.

BOURKE, P.J., BROWN, C.G., and DRAIN, L.E. 1971 Measure-

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Reynolds shearing stress*, figure 2.

BOVEY, H.T. and STRICKLAND, T.P. 1898 Some experiments on

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Some data, tabulated. Cites Reynolds.

BREITENBACH, P. 1899 Ueber die innere Reibung der Gase und

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Pipe flow, air. See Bingham. Cites Meyer and others.

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Reynolds stresses*, figures 1, 2. Thesis by Bremhorst, U.

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BROCKMAN, M.R. 1956 Resistance of flow in teflon and brass tubes.

National Bureau of Standards, Washington, Rep. 4673.

BRODMANN, C. 1892 Untersuchungen ̈uber den Reibungskoefficien-

ten von Fl ̈ussigkeiten. Annalen der Physik und Chemie

, 159–184.

BROOKSHIRE, W.A. 1961 A study of the structure of turbulent

shear flow in pipes. Ph.D. thesis, Dept. Chem. Eng., Louisiana State

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Look for journal paper with von Rosenberg, chemical engineering,

about 1963.

L/D

= 96

BROWNE, L.W.B. and DINKELACKER, A. 1995 Turbulent pipe

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See

for centerline

for range of

. Velocity*, figure 3. Reynolds

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L/D

= 208

BUCKINGHAM, E. and EDWARDS, J.D. 1920 Efflux of gases through

small orifices. Scientific papers of the Bureau of Standards

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plates (Paper No. 359).

BURKE, M.F. 1955 High-velocity tests in a penstock. Trans. ASCE

120

, 863–883 (discussion 884–896).

Mean velocity, 15 profiles, table p 297.5.

Friction coefficient, tables p 297.7 to 297.9. Very high Re. Look for effects

of roughness, short length.

CAROTHERS, S.D. 1912 Portland experiments on the flow of oil in

tubes. Proc. Roy. Soc. London

A87

, 154–163.

Seems to have

(

)

CHEVRIN, P.-A. 1988 The structure of Reynolds stress in the near

wall region of a turbulent pipe flow. Ph. D. thesis, Dept. Mech. Eng., Penn-

sylvania State Univ.

Student of Merkle, Deutsch. Pressure*, figure 3. Mean

velocity*, figures 7, 8. Reynolds stresses*, figure 10. Skewness, flatness.

CLARK, W.H. 1970 Measurement of two-point velocity correlations

in a pipe flow using laser anemometers. Ph.D. thesis, Dept. Aerosp. Eng.,

Univ. Virginia.

Mean velocity*, 3 profiles, figure 17. Reynolds stresses*,

figures 18–20. Laminar profile*, figure 16. Mean/max velocity ratio*, figure

15.

COANTIC, M. 1966 Contribution `a l’ ́etude de la structure de la tur-

bulence dans une conduite de section circulaire. Sc.D. thesis, Facult ́e des

Sciences, Univ. d’Aix-Marseille. Also private communication.

Mean ve-

locity*, 4 profiles, figure 62. Reynolds stresses*, figures 63–65. Centerline

intensity, figure 68. Filtered energy near wall, figures 75, 76. Radial varia-

tion of static pressure*, figure 59.

L/D

= 49

COANTIC, M. 1967

Evolution, en fonction du nombre de Reynolds,

de la distribution des vitesses moyennes et turbulentes dans une conduite.

C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris

264A

, 849–852.

Profiles of mean velocity, mean

′

near wall and on axis. Re=50,000 to 450,000.

COKER, E.G. 1912 Flow of mercury in small tubes. Engineering

581.

Flow of mercury in steel pipe; no slip observed. Friction*, figure 3.

COKER, E.G. and CLEMENT, S.B. 1903 An experimental determi-

nation of the variation with temperature of the critical velocity of flow of

water in pipes. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London

A201

, 45–61.

COUETTE 1890

DARCY, H. 1858 Recherches exp ́erimentales relatives au mouvement

de l’eau dans les tuyaux. M ́emoires pr ́esent ́es par divers savants `a l’Acad ́emie

des Sciences de l’Institut Imp ́erial de France

, 141–403.

Numerous tables.

See Blasius, Davies and White.

DAVIDSON, G.F. 1914 Experiments on the flow of viscous fluids

through orifices. Proc. Roy. Soc.

, 91–99.

DAWE, R.A.and SMITH, E.B. 1970 Viscosities of the inert gases at

high temperatures. Journal of Chemical Physics

, 693–703.

DEISSLER, R.G. 1950 Analytical and experimental investigation of

adiabatic turbulent flow in smooth tubes. NACA TN 2138, and private

communication.

Friction coefficient, figure 5. Flow development*, figures

2–3

DEN TOONDER, J.M. and NIEUWSTADT, F.T.M. 1997 Reynolds

number effects in a turbulent pipe flow for low to moderate Re. Phys. Fluids

, 3398–3409.

Velocity*, figures 4, 5. Reynolds stresses*, figures 7, 8, 14.

DUCLAUX, E. 1872 Recherches sur les lois des mouvements des liq-

uides dans les espaces capillaires. Annales de Chimie et de Physique (4)

433–501.

No-slip condition, according to Knibbs 1895, p 93.

DURST, F. and WHITELAW, J.H. 1971 Measurements of mean ve-

locity, fluctuating velocity, and shear stress in air using a single channel

optical anemomenter. DISA Information, No. 12, 11–16.

Laminar profile*,

figure 3. See also for data in round jet.

DURST, F., JOVANOVIC, J., and SENDER, J. 1995 LDA measure-

ments in the near-wall region of a turbulent pipe flow. J. Fluid Mech.

295

, 305–335.

Velocity near wall*, figure 8. Velocity*, figure 9. Reynolds

stresses*, figures 11, 16a.

L/D

= 80

EGER, H. 1908 Untersuchungen ̈uber das Durchstr ̈omen von Gasen

durch Kapillaren bei niederen Drucken. Annalen der Physik (4)

, 819–

843.

Glassblower’s art. Data look clumsy, but see references, especially paper

by Poiseuille and Hagen. This is Arago et al, Pogg. Ann.

, 424, 1843.

EGGELS, J.G.M. WESTERWEEL, J., NIEUWSTADT, F.T.M., and

ADRIAN, R.J. 1993 Comparison of vortical flow structures in DNS and

PIV studies of turbulent pipe flow. In

Near-Wall Turbulent Flows

(R.M.C.

So, C.G. Speziale, and B.E. Launder, eds.), Elsevier, 413–422.

EGGELS, J.G.M., UNGER, F., WEISS, M.H., WESTERWEEL, J.,

ADRIAN, R.J., FRIEDRICH, R., and NIEUWSTADT, F.T.M. 1994 Ful-

ly developed turbulent pipe flow: a comparison between direct numerical

simulation and experiment. J. Fluid Mech.

268

, 175–209.

Mean velocity*,

figures 2, 4. Table 1*. Reynolds stresses*, figure 8.

EKMAN 1911

ELENA, M. 1977 Etude experimentale de la turbulence au voisinage

de la paroi d’une tube legerement chauffe. Int’l. J. Heat Mass Transf.

935–944.

Pipe with unheated starting section. One good figure* of

′

sublayer. Moments of pdf, scales. Reynolds stresses, figure 4. From thesis,

Marseilles, 1975.

ERK, S. 1927 Z ̈ahigkeitsmessungen an Fl ̈ussigkeiten und Untersuchun-

gen von Viskosimetern. Forschungsarbeiten auf dem Gebiete des Ingenieur-

wesens, Verein deutscher Ingenieure, Heft 288.

Laminar flow, viscometry.

Uses two capillary tubes in series. See for comments on exit jet.

ERK, S. 1928 Unsere Kenntnis der Z ̈ahigkeit von Quecksilber. Zeit-

schrift f ̈ur Physik

, 886–894.

No-slip condition. See Barr. Viscosity*,

figure 2.

EUSTICE, J. 1911 Experiments on stream-line motion in curved pipes.

Proc. Roy. Soc. London

A85

, 119–131.

FAGE, A. 1936 On the static pressure in fully-developed turbulent

flow. Proc. Roy. Soc. London

A155

, 576–596.

Reynolds stresses*, figures

3, 4. Also plane wake.

FAGE, A. 1936 Turbulent flow in a circular pipe. Phil. Mag. (7)

, 80–105.

Mean velocity*, 4 profiles, figures 5, 7–9, table I, II. Reynolds

stresses, figures 10, 14a (values look high). Friction coefficient*, figure 6a.

Mean/max velocity ratio*, figure 6b

FAGE, A. 1955 Studies of boundary-layer flow with a fluid-motion

microscope. In

50 Jahre Grenzschichtforschung

, Vieweg, Braunschweig,

132–146.

Summary of work in 1930’s. Mean velocity*, figure 6.

L/D

= 110

Used in symphony.

FITZGERALD, D. 1896 Flow of water in 48-in. pipes. Trans. ASCE

, 241–275 (discussion 276–304).

Ref in Davies and White.

FLYNN, G.P., HANKS, R.V., LEMAIRE, N.A., and ROSS, J. 1963

Viscosity of nitrogen, helium, neon, and argon from

−

◦

to 100

◦

below

200 atmospheres. Journal of Chemical Physics

, 154–162.

Experimental

value for

is 1.175. See for effect of pressure on viscosity. May be Ph. D.

thesis by Hanks (1958), Flynn (1962) Lemaire (1962), Brown University.

OSSEL, W. 1936 Str ̈omung in glatten, geraden Rohren mit

Uber-

und Unterschallgeschwindigkeit. Forschung auf dem Gebiete des Ingenieur-

wesens

, 75–84.

High speed gas in smooth pipe. Goldstein p. 400. Pres-

sure*, figure 6. Friction*, figure 10. Development*, figure 11.

FREEMAN, J.R. 1892 Experiments upon the flow of water in pipes

and pipe fittings made at Nashua, New Hampshire, June 28 to October 22,

1892. ASME, New York, 1941.

FRITZSCHE, O. 1908 Untersuchungen ̈uber den Str ̈omungswiderstand

der Gase in geraden zylindrischen Rohrleitingen. Mitteilungen ̈uber For-

schungsarbeiten auf dem Gebiete des Ingenieurwesens, Verein deutscher

Ingenieure, Heft 60.

Friction coefficient, figures 1, 2, tables 2–8, 11, 12.

Marginal data. See Ombeck. No translation

FRY, J.D. and TYNDALL, A.M. 1911 On the value of the Pitot con-

stant. Phil. Mag.

, 348–366.

Pitot constant. A few primitive profiles.

GESSNER 1965

GIBSON, A.H. 1909 An investigation of the resistance to the flow of

air through a pipe, with the deduction and verification of a rational formula.

Phil. Mag. (6)

, 389–402.

GIBSON, A.H. 1914 The resistance to the flow of brine solutions

through pipes. Proc. Inst’n. Mech. Engrs.

201

, 201–210.

GILCHRIST, L. 1913 An absolute determination of the viscosity of

air. Physical Review (2)

, 124–140.

In support of Millikan oil-drop experi-

ment. Want table on p 136 and at end of paper. Used concentric cylinders.

GLASER, H. 1907

Uber die innere Reibung z ̈aher und plastisch-fester

K ̈orper und die G ̈ulkigkeit des Poiseuilleschen Gesetzes. Ann. Phys.

694–720.

GOLDSTEIN, R.J. and HAGEN, W.F. 1967 Turbulent flow measure-

ments utilizing the Doppler shift of scattered laser radiation. Phys. Fluids

, 1349–1352.

Square pipe. Friction*, figure 5.

GREGORIG, R. 1933 Turbulente Str ̈omungen in geraden und ge-

kr ̈ummten glatten Rohrleitungen bei hohen Reynolds’schen Zahlen. Thesis,

Eidgen ̈ossischen Technischen Hochschule, Z ̈urich.

Mu for Millikan.

GRIFFITHS, A. and KNOWLES, C.H. 1912 The resistance to the

flow of water along a capillary soda-glass tube at low rates of shear. Proc.

Physical Society of London

, 350–357.

Apparent viscosity changes if mi-

croscopic growths are present.

GRINDLEY, J.H. and GIBSON, A.H. 1908 On the frictional resis-

tances to the flow of air through a pipe. Proc. Royal Soc. London

A80

114–139.

HA MINH, H. and CHASSAING, P. 1977 Perturbations of turbulent

pipe flow. In

Turbulent Shear Flows 1

, Springer-Verlag, 178–197.

Various

cases of sudden enlargement in pipe; includes free jet. Centerline velocity,

maximum turbulence intensity, maximum

′

Profiles of mean velocity,

turbulence intensity, shearing stress; energy balance. Purpose is to support

modeling. In preprints (Pennsylvania State Univ.), see 13.9–13.17. Mean

velocity, figures 8, 9, 10. Reynolds stresses, figures 11, 12. Centerline tur-

bulence*, figure 5. Energy balance. See thesis by Ha Minh.

HAGEN, G. 1839 Ueber die Bewegung des Wassers in engen cylin-

drischen R ̈ohren. Annalen der Physik und Chemie

, 423–442, 1 plate.

Friction tabulated. Square entrance. See Prandtl and Tietjens p 15.

HAGEN, G. 1854

Uber den Einfluss der Temperatur auf die Bewe-

gung des Wassers in R ̈ohren. Mathematische Abhandlungen der K ̈oniglichen

Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin

, 17–98, 1 plate.

Friction coeffi-

cient, various tables. See Prandtl and Tietjens. Also transition. Clear about

laminar and turbulent flow.

HAGEN, G. 1869

Uber die Bewegung des Wassers in Str ̈omen. Math-

ematische Abhandlungen der k ̈oniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu

Berlin, 1–29.

See especially p 6. Ref in Knibbs 1897 p 325.

HAGENBACH, E. 1860 Ueber die Bestimmung der Z ̈ahigkeit einer-

Flussigkeit durch den Ausfluss aus R ̈ohren. Annalen der Physik undChemie

109

, 385–426.

See Prandtl and Tietjens, p. 24. Kinetic-energy correction,

incorrectly done. Derives parabolic profile?

HARRINGTON, E.L. 1916 A redetermination of the absolute value

of the coefficient of viscosity of air. Phys. Rev. (2)

, 738–751.

Work

suggested by R.A. Millikan in support of oil-drop experiment. Couette flow,

outer cyl rotating.

HASEGAWA, T., SUGANUMA, M., and WATANABE, H. 1997 Anom-

aly of excess pressure drops of the flow through very small orifices. Phys. Flu-

ids

, 1–3.

Pressure drop*, figure 1. Velocity*, figure 4.

HASSAN, Y.A., JONES, B.G., and ADRIAN, R.J. 1980 Measure-

ments and axisymmetric model of spatial correlations in turbulent pipe flow.

AIAA J.

, 914–920 (see also Ph.D. thesis by HASSAN, “Experimental and

modeling studies of two-point stochastic structure in turbulent pipe flow,”

Dept. Nuclear Eng., Univ. Illinois, 1980).

Mean velocity*, one profile, fig-

ure 3.1-1. Reynolds stress*, figures 3.1-2, 3.1-3. Space-time correlations.

L/D

= 105

HEIDRICK, T., AZAD, R.S., and BANERJEE, S. 1971 Phase veloc-

ities and angle of inclination for frequency components in fully developed

turbulent flow through pipes. In

Turbulence in Liquids

, Univ. Missouri

(Rolla), 149–157 (see also Ph.D. thesis by HEIDRICK, “The structure of

fully developed flow in pipes,” Dept. Mech. Eng., Univ. Manitoba, 1974).

Mean velocity, figures 5-1, A.1-2. Reynolds stress*, figure 5.2. No tables.

HERZOG, S. 1986 The large scale structure in the near-wall region

of turbulent pipe flow. Ph. D. thesis, Cornell Univ.

Mean velocity*, figures

15, 16. Reynolds stresses*, figure 17. Sublayer only.

HETTLER, J.-P. 1965 Contribution a l’ ́etude du frottement turbu-

lent des fluides en conduites lisses. These d’Ingenieur Docteur, Univ. Stras-

bourg; also Pub. Sci. Techn. Min. de l’Air, No. 414 (short report by

Hettler, J.-P., Muntzer, P., and Scrivener, O., “Frottement turbulent dans

les conduits. M`esure des vitesses instantanees au voisinage de la paroi”, C.R.

Acad. Sci.

258

, 4201–4203, 1964).

Particles show instantaneous velocity in

sublayer to

+ = 80

. Shotgun cloud, reduced to mean but not to rms. (This

is thesis, Strasbourg.) Mean velocity*, figure 47. Data are tabulated.

HISHIDA, M. and NAGANO, Y. 1979 Structure of turbulent velocity

and temperature fluctuations in fully developed pipe flow. Trans. ASME (J.

Heat Transf.)

101

, 15–22.

A few profiles of mean velocity, Reynolds stresses.

Otherwise spectra, correlations. Mean velocity*, figures 2, 3. Reynolds

stresses*, figures 6–8.

L/D

= 167

HOFFMANN, P. 1884 Ueber die Str ̈omung der Luft durch R ̈ohren

von beliebiger L ̈ange. Annalen der Physik und Chemie

, 470–494, 1 plate.

Capillary viscometry. Good paper. Cites Meyer, who has

∼

HOSKING, R. 1908 The viscosity of water. Journal of the Royal

Society of New South Wales

, 34–56, 6 plates. Also Phil. Mag. (6)

502–520, 1909.

Date and volume are not certain. Cites Knibbs but not

Reynolds. See for

. See Barr p 23.

HOUSTON, W.V. 1937 The viscosity of air. Physical Review

751–757.

Mu for Millikan.

ITO, H. 1960 Pressure losses in smooth pipe bends. Trans. ASME

(J. Basic Eng.)

82D

, 131–140 (discussion 140–143).

Transition in curved

pipe. Pressure drop*, figure 3. Loss in bend*, figure 10.

JAKOB, M. and ERK, S. 1924 Der Druckabfall in glatten Rohren und

die Druchflussziffer von Normald ̈usen. Forschungsarbeiten auf dem Gebiete

des Ingenieurwesens, Forschungsheft 267 (preliminary note, same title, in

Zeitschrift des Vereines deutscher Ingenieure

, 581–584, 1924).

Friction

coefficient*, figure 3, tables 4, 5

JONES, B.G., CHAO, B.T., and SHIRAZI, M.A. 1967 An experi-

mental study of the motion of small particles in a turbulent fluid field using

digital techniques for statistical data processing. In “Developments in Me-

chanics,”

Proc. 10th Midwestern Mechanics Conference

(J.E. Cermak and

J.R. Goodman, eds.), 1249–1274 (see also Ph. D. thesis by JONES, same ti-

tle, Dept. Nuclear Eng., Univ. Illinois, 1966).

Pipe too short; useful only for

work on development length. Mean velocity, figures 4.2-3, 5.1-1. Reynolds

stresses, figure 6.2-1, tables 6.2-1, 6.2-2.

KELLSTR

OM, G. 1937 A new determination of the viscosity of air

by the rotating cylinder method. Phil. Mag.

, 313–338.

Mu for Millikan.

KELLSTROM, B. 1936 Viscosity of air and the electronic charge.

Physical Review

, 190.

Mu for Millikan.

KIM, K.C. and ADRIAN, R.J. 1999 Very large-scale motion in the

outer layer. Phys. Fluids

, 417–422.

Scale*, figure 5.

KJELLSTR

OM, B. and HEDBERG, S. 1970 Calibration of a DISA

hot-wire anemometer and measurements in a circular channel for confirma-

tion of the calibration. DISA Information, No. 9, 8–21.

Mean velocity, one

profile, figure 7. Reynolds stresses*, figures 8–10. Friction coefficient, figure

L/D

= 61

KOCH, S. 1881 Ueber die Abh ̈angigkeit der Reibungsconstante des

Quecksilbers von der Temperatur. Annalen der Physik und Chemie

1–12, 1 plate.

KOHLRAUSCH, K.W.F. 1914

Uber das Verhalten str ̈omender Luft

in Nichtkapillaren R ̈ohren. Annalen der Physik (4)

, 297–320.

Brass

tubes. Data include transition and look OK. Several pressure taps to allow

for development. Some primitive profiles. Friction coefficient*, figures 2–6,

tables. Did not measure temperature.

LADENBURG, R. 1907

Uber die innere Reibung z ̈aher Fl ̈ussigkeiten

und ihre Abh ̈angigkeit vom Druck. Ann. Phys.

, 287–309.

LANGEHEINEKEN, T. 1981 Zuzammenh ̈ange zwischen Wanddruck-

und Geschwindigkeitsschwankungen in turbulenter Rohrstr ̈omung (experi-

mentelle Untersuchung). Mitt. M.-P.-I. f ̈ur Str ̈omungsforschung, Nr. 70.

Mean velocity*, one profile, figure 2.7. Reynolds stresses*, figure 2.8. Sur-

face pressure fluctuations, figure 3.2. Mostly bursting.

L/D

= 190

. No wake

component.

LAUFER, J. 1953 The structure of turbulence in fully developed pipe

flow. NACA TN 2954; also TR 1174, 1953.

Mean velocity*, 2 profiles, figures

3, 4, 24. Reynolds stresses*, figures 5–8, 25. Energy balance.

L/D

= 30

LAWN, C.J. 1970 Application of the turbulence energy equation to

fully developed flow in simple ducts. Parts I and II. Central Electricity

Generating Board, Berkeley Nuclear Laboratories, Rep. RD/B/R1575(A).

Axisymmetric flow. Part II is experimental (pipe flow), no figures.

LAWN, C.J. 1970 Application of the turbulence energy equation to

fully developed flow in simple ducts. Parts III and IV. Central Electricity

Generating Board, Berkeley Nuclear Laboratories, Rep. RD/B/R1575(B).

Part III is data, no figures. Includes annulus.

LAWN, C.J. 1970 Application of the turbulence energy equation to

fully developed flow in simple ducts. Figures and figure captions. Central

Electricity Generating Board, Berkeley Nuclear Laboratories, Rep. RD/B/

R1575(C).

Honed pipe; rough pipe; rough and smooth-rough annulus. Fig.

10 is

(

)

for smooth pipe. Fig. 11 is

(

)

. Fig. 13 is mean/max

velocity. Figs. 14-16 are Reynolds stresses. Scales, correlations, energy

balance. Data for

x/D

= 27

. Friction coefficient*, figure 10. Mean

velocity*, figures 11, 12. Max/mean velocity, figure 13. Reynolds stresses,

figures 14–16, 51, 55.

LAWN, C.J. 1971 The determination of the rate of dissipation in tur-

bulent pipe flow. J. Fluid Mech.

, 477–505.

Reynolds stresses*, figures

3–5. Energy balance.

L/D

= 58

LECHNER, G. 1913 Untersuchungen der Turbulenz beim Durchstr ̈om-

en von Wasser und Quecksilber durch spiralf ̈ormig gewundene Kapillaren.

Annalen der Physik

, 614–642.

LEDOUX,

1892

Etude sur les pertes de charge de l’air comprime de

la vapeur dans les tuyaux de conduite. Annales des Mines, Memoires (9)

, 541–598.

Title of journal is uncertain. Ref in Fritzsche, Ombeck. Good

survey.

LINDGREN, E.R. and CHAO, J. 1969 Average velocity distribution

of turbulent pipe flow with emphasis on the viscous sublayer. Phys. Fluids

, 1364–1371 (see also LINDGREN, “Experimental study on turbulent

pipe flows of distilled water,” Tech. Rep. No. 2, Res. Contract Nonr

2595(05), Oklahoma State Univ., 1965).

Mean velocity*, 4 profiles, figure

11.

L/D

= 185

. Friction from

dp/dx

not accounted for.

LINDGREN, E.R. 1965 Experimental study on turbulent pipe flows

of distilled water. Contract Nonr 2595(05), Oklahoma State Univ., Tech.

Rep. No. 2.

Disparages Nikuradse’s data. Elaborate study of probe errors at

pipe exit. Mean velocity and fluctuations. Same awkward reviewer geometry

as Nikuradse. Probe errors*, figures 15, 18.

LING, C.-Y. 1937 An experimental and theoretical study of turbu-

lence in liquid flow. Ph.D. thesis, Cornell Univ.

Look for journal paper with

Schoder, civil engineering, about 1938. Do not use centerline velocity for

series B.

LIU, K.N., CHRISTODOULOU, C., RICCIUS, O., and JOSEPH, D.D.

1989 Drag reduction in pipes lined with riblets. In

Structure of Turbulence

and Drag Reduction

(A. Gyr, ed.), Springer-Verlag, 545–551.

LIU, K.N., CHRISTODOULOU, C., RICCIUS, O., and JOSEPH, D.D.

1989 Drag reduction in pipes lined with riblets. AIAA J.

, 1697–1698.

Drag reduction*, figure 2.

LIVESEY, J.L., TURNER, J. T., and GLASSPOOLE, W.F. 1966 The

decay of turbulent velocity profiles. Proc. Inst’n. Mech. Eng.

180

, Part 3J,

127–136.

MAH, Y.A., KHOO, B.C., and CHEW, Y.T. 1992 The effect of blade

manipulator in fully developed pipe flow. Trans. ASME (J. Fluids Eng.)

114

, 687–689.

MAIR, J.G. 1886 Experiments on the discharge of water of different

temperatures. Minutes of Proc. Instn. Civil Engrs.

, 424–435, 1 plate.

MAJUMDAR, V.D. and VAJIFDAR, M.B. 1938 Coefficient of viscos-

ity of air. Proc. Indian Academy of Sciences

, 171–178.

Mu for Millikan.

MARTIN, G.Q. AND JOHANSON, L.N. 1965 Turbulence character-

istics of liquids in pipe flow. AIChE J.

, 29–33 (see also Ph. D. thesis

by MARTIN, An investigation into the turbulence characteristics of fluids

in pipe flow, Univ. Washington, 1963).

Pipe Re 20,000 to 160,000. Cen-

terline

′

Otherwise correlations only. Pipe may not be smooth. Friction

coefficient, tables 3–5. Reynolds stresses, figure 13

MARX, C.D., WING, C.B., and HOSKINS, L.M. 1900 Experiments

on the flow of water in the six-foot steel and wood pipe line of the Pioneer

Electric Power Company at Ogden, Utah. Second series. Trans. ASCE

, 34–54 (discussion 55-91).

Data are tabulated. Other data are cited in

discussion.

MCCONACHIE, P.J. 1981 The distribution of convection velocities

in turbulent pipe flow. J. Fluid Mech.

103

, 65–85.

MICKELSON, R.W. 1964 Laminar, transition, and turbulent flow in

capillary tubes. Ph.D. thesis, Wayne State Univ.

Friction coefficient, figures

6–17, table XIII. Main interest is viscometry. Good on entrance effects

(figure 20). Look for journal version with Donnelly

MITCHELL, J.E. and HANRATTY, T.J. 1966 A study of turbulence

at a wall using an electrochemical wall shear-stress meter. J. Fluid Mech.

, 199–221.

Follows two papers by Reiss and Hanratty (1962, 1963). Pipe

1” dia. Details of round and rectangular electrodes. Spectra; pdf of wall

stress; slope of

′

. Scale

is peculiar?

MORRISON, W.R.B. and KRONAUER, R.E. 1969 Structural simi-

larity for fully developed turbulence in smooth tubes. J. Fluid Mech.

117-141 (see also Ph. D. thesis by MORRISON, Two-dimensional frequency-

wave number spectra and narrow band shear stress correlations in turbulent

pipe flow, Univ. Queensland, 1969).

Correlations, celerity. Mean velocity*,

figures 3.3, 3.4. Reynolds stresses*, figures 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 6.4.

L/D

= 75

MORROW, J. 1905 On the distribution of velocity in a viscous fluid

over the cross-section of a pipe, and on the action at the critical velocity.

Proc. Roy. Soc. London

A76

, 205–216.

Mean velocity*, figure 6, tables 2,

3. Max/mean velocity, figure 7. Temperature is uncertain.

MURPHREE, D.L. 1961 The behavior of the wall law constants in

turbulent pipe flow. Aerophysics Dept., Mississippi State Univ., Research

Note No. 13.

MURTHY, S.V., GEE, K., and STEINLE, F.W. 1988 Compressibil-

ity effects on flow friction in a fully developed pipe flow. In

Preprints,

AIAA/ASME/SIAM/APS Proc. First National Fluid Dynamics Congress

AIAA, Part 2, 901–910.

Mach number*, figures 3, 4. Friction coefficient*,

figures 5, 6.

NEDDERMAN, R.M. 1961 The measurement of velocities in the wall

region of turbulent liquid pipe flow. Chem. Eng. Sci.

, 120–126.

Pipe flow,

= 12000

, 19000. Stereo photography of bubbles.

x/d

= 60

. Run 3 includes

′

(see thesis, Cambridge, 1960). Only mean profile given here. Mean

velocity*, figures 1–4.

NEWMAN, B.G. and LEARY, B.G. 1950 The measurement of the

Reynolds stresses in a circular pipe as a means of testing a hot wire anemome-

ter. Aeronautical Research Laboratories, Dept. Supply, Australia, Rep.

A.72.

Mean velocity*, one profile, figures 9, 10. Reynolds stress*, figure 11.

NIKURADSE, J. 1932 Gesetzm ̈assigkeiten der turbulenten Str ̈omung

in glatten Rohren. Forschung auf dem Gebiete des Ingenieurwesens

, Aus-

gabe B, VDI Forschungsheft 356 (in English as “Regularity of turbulent flow

in smooth pipes,” Project Squid, Tech. Memo. No. PUR-11, Purdue Univ.,

1949, ans as “Laws of turbulent flow in smooth pipes,” NASA TT F-10,

359, 1966). Preliminary versions are “

Uber turbulente Wasserstr ̈omungen

in geraden Rohren bei sehr grossen Reynoldsschen Zahlen,” in

Vortr ̈age aus

dem Gebiete der Aerodynamik und verwandter Gebiete

(A. Gilles, L. Hopf,

and T. von Karman, eds.), Springer, 63–69, 1930, and “Widerstandsgesetz

und Geschwindigkeitsverteilung von turbulenten Wasserstr ̈omung in glat-

ten und rauhen Rohren,” in

Proc. Third International Congress for Applied

Mechanics

(C.W. Oseen and W. Weibull, eds.), Stockholm, 239–247, 1930.

OMBECK, H. 1914 Druckverlust stromender Luft in geraden zylin-

drischen Rohrleitungen. Forschungsarbeiten auf dem Gebiete des Ingenieur-

wesens, VDI, Heft 158 und 159.

Friction coefficient, figures 19, 20, tables

4–14. Translate part of text. See Drew et al.

PATEL and HEAD 1969

PATEL, R.P. 1974 A note on fully developed turbulent flow down a

circular pipe. Aeron. J.

, 93–97 (see also PATEL, R.P., Reynolds stresses

in fully developed turbulent flow down a circular pipe, Mech. Eng. Res.

Labs., McGill Univ., Rep. No. 68-7, 1968).

Reynolds stresses*, figures

7-15, A2-A4, table II.

L/D

= 142

PATEL, V.C. 1965 Calibration of the Preston tube and limitations

on its use in pressure gradients. J. Fluid Mech.

, 185–208.

One profile

of mean velocity in pipe and boundary layer. Calibration of Preston tubes;

connection with constants in law of wall. Mean velocity, figure 2.

PATTERSON, G.K., EWBANK, W.J., and SANDBORN, V.A. 1967

Radial pressure gradient in turbulent pipe flow. Phys. Fluids

, 2082–2084.

Static pressure profile*, figure 2.

PENNEL, W.T., SPARROW, E.M., and ECKERT, E.R.G. 1972 Tur-

bulence intensity and time-mean velocity distributions in low Reynolds num-

ber turbulent pipe flows. Int’l. J. Heat Mass Transf.

, 1067–1074.

Veloc-

ity*, figure 2. Reynolds stresses, figures 3–5. Friction not measured.

PERRY, A.E. and ABELL, C.J. 1975 Scaling laws for pipe-flow tur-

bulence. J. Fluid Mech.

, 257–271 (see also Ph.D. thesis by ABELL, same

title, Univ. Melbourne, 1974).

Reynolds stresses*, figures 3.4–3.7, 3.9, table

3.1, pp 134–136. Also data for rough wall.

L/D

= 85

POISEUILLE, J.L.M. 1840a Recherches exp ́erimentales sur le mou-

vement des liquides dans les tubes de tr`es petits diam`etres. Comptes Rendus

Hebdomadaires des Seances de l’Academie des Sciences, Paris

, 961–967.

POISEUILLE, J.L.M. 1840b Recherches exp ́erimentales sur le mou-

vement des liquides dans les tubes de tr`es petits diam`etres. Comptes Rendus

Hebdomadaires des Seances de l’Academie des Sciences, Paris

, 1041–

1048.

POISEUILLE, J.L.M. 1841 Recherches exp ́erimentales sur le mouve-

ment des liquides dans les tubes de tr`es petits diam`etres. Comptes Rendus

Hebdomadaires des Seances de l’Academie des Sciences, Paris

, 112–115.

POISEUILLE, J.L.M. 1846 Recherches exp ́erimentales sur le mou-

vement des liquides dans les tubes de tr`es petits diam`etres. M ́emoires

Pr ́esentes par Divers Savants a l’Acad ́emie Royale des Sciences de l’Institut

de France

, 433–543, one plate (in English as Experimental investigations

upon the flow of liquids in tubes of very small diameter,

Rheological Memoirs

(E. C. Bingham, ed.), Vol. 1, No. 1, Lancaster Press, 1–101, 1940).

Kreith

& Eisenstadt say wrongly that 433–444 are laminar entry length. von Mises

says p 518 is first data on laminar pipe flow. Knibbs 1895 says no entrance

correction. Tables but no figures.

POLLARD, A., THOMANN, H., and SAVILL, A.M. 1990 Manipu-

lation and modelling of turbulent pipe flow: some parametric studies of

single and tandem ring devices. In

Turbulence Control by Passive Means

(K. Coustols, ed.), Kluwer, 79–96.

Friction*, figures 10, 11.

RAMAPRIAN, B.R. and TU, S.W. 1979 Experiments on transitional

oscillatory pipe flow. Iowa Inst. Hydr. Res., IIHR Rep. No. 221.

Pressure

drop, figure 4, table 1. Friction coefficient*, figure 5. Mean velocity*, figures

6, 7, table 2

REIGER, R. 1906

Uber die G ̈ultigkeit des Poiseuilleschen Gesetzes

bei z ̈ahfl ̈ussigen und festen K ̈orpern. Ann. Phys.

, 985–1006.

REISS, L.P. and HANRATTY, T.J. 1962 Measurement of instanta-

neous rates of mass transfer to a small sink on a wall. A.I.Ch.E.J.

, 245–247.

REISS, L.P. and HANRATTY, T.J. 1963 An experimental study of

the unsteady nature of the viscous sublayer. A.I.Ch.E.J.

, 154–160.

Reynolds

analogy*, figure 9.

REITSCHEL,

1905 Versuche ̈uber den Widerstand bei Bewegung

der Luft in Rohrleitungen. Gesundheits-Ingenieure, Festnummer, 9–27.

See

Fritzsche p 3, 57, 58, 63.

REYNOLDS, H.C., DAVENPORT, M.E., and McELIGOT, D.M. 1968

Velocity profiles and eddy diffusivities for fully developed, turbulent, low

Reynolds number pipe flow. ASME Paper 68-WA/FE-34.

A few profiles

with scatter. Check references. Mean velocity, figure 3.

REYNOLDS, O. 1883 An experimental investigation of the circum-

stances which determine whether the motion of water shall be direct or

sinuous, and of the law of resistance in parallel channels. Phil. Trans. Royal

Soc.

174

, 935–982; also

Papers on Mechanical and Physical Subjects

, Vol.

II, 51–105, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1901 (short version, same title, in Proc.

Royal Soc. London

A35

, 84–99, 1883).

REYNOLDS, O. 1886 On the theory of lubrication and its application

to Mr. Beauchamp Tower’s experiments, including an experimental deter-

mination of the viscosity of olive oil. Phil. Trans. Royal Society

177

, 157– ;

also

Papers on Mechanical and Physical Subjects

, Vol. II, Cambridge Univ.

Press, 1901, 228–310.

Gives Re crit for pipe as 1400. Says no-slip condition

put to severe test by Poiseuille (Lamb p 575). Emphasis on

as physical

property of liquid.

REYNOLDS, O. 1895 On the dynamical theory of incompressible vis-

cous fluids and the determination of the criterion.

(complete citation)

Also in

Papers on Mechanical and Physical Subjects

, Vol. 2, Cambridge

Univ. Press, 1901, 535–577.

Introduction of Reynolds stresses.

RICHTER, H. 1932 Druckverlust im glatten geraden Kreisrohr. Zeit-

schr. Ver. deutscher Ingenieure

, 1269–1274.

Friction coefficient*, figure

RIGDEN, P.J. 1938 The viscosity of air, oxygen, and nitrogen. Phil.

Mag. (7)

, 961–981.

Mu for Millikan.

RONCERAY, P. 1911 Recherches sur l’ecoulement dans les tubes ca-

pillaires. Annales de Chimie et de Physique

, 107–125.

Exit jet. Cites

Reynolds.

RUCKES, W. 1908 Untersuchungen ̈uber den Ausfluss komprimierter

Luft aus Kapillaren und die dabei auftretenden Turbulenzerscheinungen.

Annalen der Physik (4)

, 983–1021 (short report in RUCKES, same title,

ZVdI

, 2065–2068).

Thesis, Wurzburg, 1907. Glass and metal capillaries

at several atmospheres. Length varied. Includes transition range; may be

usable. See Nusselt; Ombeck p 64.

SABOT, J. and COMTE-BELLOT, G. 1976 Intermittency of coher-

ent structures in the core region of fully developed pipe flow. J. Fluid Mech.

, 767–796 (see also D.Sc. thesis by SABOT, Etude de la coherence spatiale

et temporelle de la turbulence etablie en conduite circulaire, Univ. Claude

Bernard de Lyon, 1976).

Pipe 10 cm dia,

x/d

= 95

= 68000

or 135000.

Hole analysis of

signal. Bursts are time-shared for opposite walls? Fric-

tion coefficient, figure IV-1. Mean velocity*, figures IV-4, IV-5. Reynolds

stresses*, figures IV-7, IV-10. Space and space-time* correlations.

SACKMANN, L.A. 1963 Frottement turbulent dans des tubes lisses.

J. Mecanique

, 43–54.

Cites Hettler, thesis, Strasbourg, 1961. Also CRAS

253

, 849–851, 1961. Sublayer thickness*, figure 4.

SANDBORN, V.A. 1955 Experimental evaluation of momentum terms

in turbulent pipe flow. NACA TN 3266. Also private communication.

Mean

velocity, 4 profiles, figure 7. Reynolds stresses, figures 9–11, 13, 18, 19.

Centerline stresses, figures 15, 16.

L/D

= 58

SAPH, A.V. and SCHODER, E.W. 1903 An experimental study of

the resistances to the flow of water in pipes. Trans. ASCE

, 253–312.

Some data for square-cut entrance, table 9

SCHAEFER, C. and HEISEN, G. 1923 Experimentelle Beitr ̈age zur

Str ̈omung von Fl ̈ussigkeiten in R ̈ohren. Zeitschr. f. Phys.

, 165–176.

Friction*, figure 3.

SCHILLER, L. 1922 Experimentelle Feststellungen zum Turbulenz-

problem. Physik. Zeitschr.

, 14–18 (discussion, 18–19).

Friction coeffi-

cient*, figures 1, 2, 3.

SCHILLER, L. 1930 Rohrwiderstand bei hohen Reynoldsschen Zahlen.

Vortr ̈age auf dem Gebiete der Aerodynamik und verwandter Gebiete

(A.

Gilles, L. Hopf, T. von K ́arm ́an, eds.), Springer, Berlin, 69–78 (discussion,

78–80).

SHERWOOD, T.K., SMITH, K.A., and FOWLES, P.E. 1968 The ve-

locity and eddy viscosity distribution in the wall region of turbulent pipe

flow. Chem Eng. Sci.

, 1225–1236, (see also Ph. D. thesis by FOWLES,

The velocity and turbulence distribution in the laminar sublayer. Sc. D.

thesis, MIT, 1966).

Mean velocity*, figures 3, 4. Reynolds stresses*, fig-

ure 6. Mean velocity*, figures II-1, 2, IV-41, 42, 44, 45, V-1. Reynolds

stresses*, figures II-3, IV-43. See tables F-1, H-1, H-3, H-4.

L/D

= 84

SIRKAR, K.K. 1969 Turbulence in the immediate vicinity of a wall

and fully developed mass transfer at high Schmidt numbers. Ph.D. thesis,

Dept. Chem. Eng., Univ. Illinois.

See JFM

, 589, 1970 and others.

SLATER, J.G., VILLEMONTE, J.R., and DAY, H.J. 1957 Pipe fric-

tion loss at high pressures. Proc. ASCE (J. Hydr. Div.)

, Paper 1163,

1–21.

only, not tabulated. Friction coefficient*, figures 4–7.

LEITE,

R.J. 1959

SORKAU, W. 1911 Experimentelle Untersuchungen ̈uber die innere

Reibung einiger organischer Fl ̈ussigkeiten im turbulenten Str ̈omungszustande.

Phys. Zeitschr.

, 582–595.

SORKAU, W. 1912

Uber den Einfluss von Temperatur, spezifischem

Gewicht und chemischer Natur von Fl ̈ussigkeiten auf die Turbulenzreibung.

Phys. Zeitschr.

, 805–820.

SORKAU, W. 1913

Uber den Zusammenhang zwischen Molekular-

gewicht und Turbulenzreibungskonstante. Phys. Zeitschr.

, 147–152.

SORKAU, W. 1913 Zur Turbulenzreibung des Wassers. Phys. Zeit-

schr.

, 759–766.

SORKAU, W. 1913 Zur Turbulenzreibung des Wassers. II. Phys.

Zeitschr.

, 828–831.

SORKAU, W. 1914 Zur Kenntnis der Turbulenzreibung. Phys. Zeit-

schr.

, 582–587.

SORKAU, W. 1914 Zur Kenntnis des

Uberganges von der geordneten

zur Turbulenzstr ̈omung in Kapillarr ̈ohren. I. Phys. Zeitschr.

, 768–772.

SORKAU, W. 1915 Zur Kenntnis des

Uberganges von der geordneten

zur Turbulenzstr ̈omung in Kapillarr ̈ohren. II. Phys. Zeitschr.

, 97–101.

SORKAU, W. 1915 Zur Kenntnis des

Uberganges von der geordneten

zur Turbulenzstr ̈omung in Kapillarr ̈ohren. III. Phys. Zeitschr.

, 101–102.

STANTON, T.E. and PANNELL, J.R. 1914 Similarity of motion in

relation to the surface friction of fluids. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London

A214

, 199–224.

STANTON, T.E., MARSHALL, D., and BRYANT, C.N. 1920 On the

conditions at the boundary of a fluid in turbulent motion. Proc. Roy. Soc.

London

A97

, 413–434.

Friction coefficient*, figure 7.

STANTON, T.E. 1911

TAMMANN, G. and HINN

UBER, J. 1927 Die innere Reibung von

Quecksilber. Zeitschrift f ̈ur anorganische und allgemeine Chemie

167

, 230–

236.

TAYLOR, T.S. 1920 The flow of air through small brass tubes. Trans.

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