Chapter_9.pdf

Chapter 9 Plane jet

General References

BICKLEY, W.G. 1937

The plane jet. Phil. Mag. (7)

, 727–731.

CAPELL, K. 1972 Steady two-dimensional viscous flow in a jet. J.

Fluid Mech.

, 49–63.

Method of matched asymptotic expansions for line

momentum source.

CLENSHAW, C.W. and ELLIOTT, D. 1960 A numerical treatment

of the Orr-Sommerfeld-equation in the case of a laminar jet. Quart. J. Mech.

Appl. Math.

, 300–313.

KRAEMER, K. 1971 Die Potentialstr ̈omung in der Umgebung von

Freistrahlen. Z. Flugwiss.

, 93–104.

Effect of outer geometry on flow into

equivalent sink for round and plane jets.

LIPPISCH, A.M. 1958 Flow visualization. Aeron. Eng. Review

24–32, 36.

Fig. 22 shows entrained flow for plane jet out of wall. See also

Reichardt, VDI-Foheft. 414, 1942, p 12.

MITSOTAKIS, K., SCHNEIDER, W., and ZAUNER, E. 1984 Second-

order boundary layer theory of laminar jet flows. Acta Mechanica

, 115–

123.

RUBIN, S.G. and FALCO, R. 1968 Plane laminar jet. AIAA J.

186–187.

Main result is outer flow to one term and inner flow to two terms.

Sketch indicates lack of understanding. Eigensolutions to extend Schlichting-

Bickley work to non-similar flow near origin.

SCHLICHTING, H. 1933 Laminare Strahlausbreitung. Zeitschr. f.

angew. Math. u. Mech.

, 260–263.

SCHNEIDER, W. 1981 Flow induced by jets and plumes. J. Fluid

Mech.

108

, 55–65.

Claims to extend exact solution to case of wall with

no-slip boundary condition. Uniformly valid expansion for large Re. Cites

Squire but not Landau.

SCHNEIDER, W. 1991 Boundary-layer theory of free turbulent shear

flows. Z. Flugwiss. Weltraumforsch.

, 143–158.

TAYLOR, G.I. 1958 Flow induced by jets. J. Aeron. Sci.

, 464–

465.

Round and plane jets and plumes; sink distribution and streamlines in

induced flow. Round plume with or without wall involves Legendre polyno-

mials.

WYGNANSKI, I. 1964 The flow induced by two-dimensional and ax-

isymmetric turbulent jets issuing normally from an infinite plane surface.

345

Aeron. Quart.

, 373–380.

Includes sink effect of initial mixing layers,

then jet with similarity. Some data on wall pressure.

WYGNANSKI, I, and FIEDLER, H.E. 1968 Jets and wakes in tai-

lored pressure gradient. Phys. Fluids

, 2513–2523.

Definitive paper, but

written in very baroque style.

Plane jet into stagnant fluid

Major surveys and theory

BRADSHAW, P. 1977 Effect of external disturbances on the spread-

ing rate of a plane turbulent jet. J. Fluid Mech.

, 795–797.

Rebuttal of

argument by Kotsovinos in thesis on cause of nonlinear growth of turbulent

jets (see JFM

, 55–63, 1978).

DANBERG, J.E. and FANSLER, K.S. 1974 Additional two-dimen-

sional wake and jet-like flows. AIAA J.

, 1432–1433.

GARTSHORE, I.S. 1966 An experimental examination of the large-

eddy equilibrium hypothesis. J. Fluid. Mech.

, 89–98.

Derived from

thesis. Plane jet, wall jet. Growth rate, velocity decay; profiles of intermit-

tency.

GINEVSKII, A.S. 1966 Potentsial’nye techeniia vne turbulentnoi ob-

lasti ploskikh i ossesimmetrichnykh strui. Promyshlennaia Aerodinamika,

No. 27, 180–198.

HOWARTH, L. 1938 Concerning the velocity and temperature dis-

tributions in plane and axially symmetrical jets. Proc. Cambr. Phil. Soc.

, 185-203.

Turbulent case; momentum-transport and vorticity-transport

theories.

HUANG, P.G. and MacINNES, J.M. 1988 Modeling the outwash flow

arising from two colliding turbulent jets. In

Proc. First National Fluid Dy-

namics Congress

, AIAA, Part 2, 955–964.

KO, S.-H. and LESSEN, M. 1969 Viscous instability of an incom-

pressible full jet. Phys. Fluids

, 2270–2273.

Standard stability analysis

for plane jet; attempt to do non-parallel case.

KOTSOVINOS, N.E. 1976 A note on the spreading rate and virtual

origin of a plane turbulent jet. J. Fluid Mech.

, 305–311.

Argument about

failure of assumption of linear growth. Useful mostly as survey.

KOTSOVINOS, N. 1978 A note on the conservation of the axial mo-

mentum of a turbulent jet. J. Fluid Mech.

, 55–63.

Argument about

346

first-order effect of wall and induced flow on downstream momentum flux.

See JFM

, 795, 1977, for rebuttal by Bradshaw (in spite of earlier date).

Plane jet.

KOTSOVINOS, N.E. and ANGELIDIS, P.B. 1991 The momentum

flux in turbulent submerged jets. J. Fluid Mech.

229

, 453–470.

LIST, E.J. 1982 Turbulent jets and plumes. Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech.

, 189–212.

MATTINGLY, G.E. and CRIMINALE, W.O. Jr. 1971 Disturbance

characteristics in a plane jet. Phys. Fluids

, 2258-2264.

MITSOTAKIS, K., SCHNEIDER, W., and ZAUNER, E. 1984 Second-

order boundary-layer theory of laminar jet flows. Acta Mechanica

, 115–

123.

MORCOS, S.M. and GHALY, W.S. 1984 Impingement heat and mo-

mentum transfer from a two-dimensional laminar jet. ASME Paper 84-

WA/HT-67.

NEWMAN, B.G. 1967 Turbulent jets and wakes in a pressure gradi-

ent. In

Fluid Mechanics of Internal Flow

(G. Sovran, ed.), Elsevier, 170–209.

SCHNEIDER, W. 1985 Asymptotic analysis of jet flows. Fluid Dy-

namics Transactions

, 113–155.

SCHNEIDER, W. 1985 Decay of momentum flux in submerged jets.

J. Fluid Mech.

154

, 91–110.

SQUIRE, H.B. 1948 Reconsideration of the theory of free turbulence.

Phil. Mag. (7)

, 1–20.

Derivation of various similarity laws for classical

free turbulent flows.

STEIGER, M.H. and CHEN, K. 1965 Further similarity solutions for

two-dimensional wakes and jets. AIAA J.

, 528–530.

Falkner-Skan equation

for plane jet;

′

(0)

against

. See also Wygnanski and Fiedler, 1968.

TATSUMI, T. and KAKUTANI, T. 1958 The stability of a two-dimensional

laminar jet. J. Fluid Mech.

, 261–275.

Plane laminar jet. Disturbances

grow in

, not

. Asymptotic laws for two branches of neutral curve.

1933 Muller, ZaMM

, 395

1966 Kao, Tellus

, 18

1967 Bradbury, AQ

, 133

1967 Wygnanski, JFM

, 431

1972 Rockwell and Niccolls, JBE

, 720

1972 Rockwell, JAM

, 883

Experimental data

ANDRADE, E.N. daC. 1939 The velocity distribution in a liquid-

347

into-liquid jet. Part 2: The plane jet. Proc. Phys. Soc. London

, 784–793.

Velocity profiles*, figure 3.

ANTONIA, R.A., SATYAPRAKASH, B.R., and HUSSAIN, A.K.M.F.

1980 Measurements of dissipation rate and some other characteristics of

turbulent plane and circular jets. Phys. Fluids

, 695–700.

Mostly Taylor

and Kolmogorov scale and integral scale in plane and round jets. Reynolds

stresses*, figure 4.

ANTONIA, R.A., BROWNE, L.W.B., CHAMBERS, A.J., and RA-

JAGOPALAN, S. 1983 Budget of the temperature variance in a turbu-

lent plane jet. Int’l. J. Heat Mass Transf.

, 41–48.

Reynolds stresses,

temperature budget. Reynolds stresses*, figure 3.

BADRI NARAYANAN, M.A. and PLATZER, M.F. 1988 The mix-

ing mechanism by organised turbulence structures in a plane jet excited by

a novel method. In

Turbulence Management and Relaminarisation

(H.W.

Liepmann and R. Narasimha, eds.), Springer-Verlag, 471–484.

Velocity de-

cay*, figure 4. Growth rate*, figure 3.

BALLAL, D.R. and CHEN, T.H. 1987 Studies of a CO

slot jet using

an integrated Raman-LDA system. AIAA Paper 87-0375.

Mean velocity,

concentration, growth, decay*, figure 5, etc.

BARAT, M. 1954 Variations de pression statique dans un jet libre

subsonique. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris

238

, 445–447.

Mixing layer, experimen-

tal. Static pressure*, figure 2.

BASHIR, J. and UBEROI, M. 1975 Experiments on turbulent struc-

ture and heat transfer in a two-dimensional jet. Phys. Fluids

, 405–410

(see also Ph. D. thesis by BASHIR, Experimental study of the turbulent

structure and heat transfer of a two dimensional heated jet. Dept. Aerosp.

Eng. Sci., Univ. Colorado, 1973).

Temperature*, figure 3. Velocity decay*,

figures 2, 16, 17. Reynolds stresses*, figures 4–6, 18. Intermittency*, figure

15.

BETTOLI, R. 1968 Experimental study of spreading of semi-confined

jets. M.S. thesis, Dept. Mech. Eng., Pennsylvania State Univ.

Mean veloc-

ity*, figures 9–14. Velocity decay*, figures 17–19, 29, 30. Data are tabulated

BICKNELL, J. 1934 A study of turbulent mixing between a plane

jet of fluid of various densities and still fluid. M.S. thesis, MIT.

Velocity

profiles*, figures 10–15.

BROWNE, L.W.B., ANTONIA, R.A., RAJAGOPALAN, S., and CHAM-

BERS, A.J. 1983 Interaction region of a two-dimensional turbulent plane

jet in still air. In

Structure of Complex Turbulent Shear Flow

(R. Dumas

and L. Fulachier, eds.), Springer-Verlag, 411–419.

Velocity and temperature

profiles*, figure 1. Growth rate*, figure 2. Decay of fluctuations*, figures 4,

348

CERULLO, N.G. 1979 An experimental evaluation of a laser velocime-

ter by the study of turbulence in a plane free jet at high subsonic velocities.

M.S. thesis, Air Force Institute of Technology [Canada], 119 pp.

Hot wire

and LDV data (tabulated) for mean velocity and Reynolds stresses. Mean

velocity*, figure 17. Velocity decay*, figure 15. Reynolds stresses*, figures

19–24, others.

CHAMBERS, F.W. and GOLDSCHMIDT, V.W. 1982 Acoustic in-

teraction with turbulent plane jet: effects on mean flow. AIAA J.

, 797–

804 (see also Ph. D. thesis by CHAMBERS, Acoustic interaction with a

turbulent plane jet, Dept. Mech. Eng., Purdue Univ., 1977).

Velocity pro-

files*, figure 2. Growth rate*, figure 3. Table 2 useful for references. Data

tabulated

CHANAUD, R.C. and POWELL, A. 1962 Experiments concerning

the sound-sensitive jet. J. Acoustical Society of America

, 907-915.

Mean

velocity*, figures 6, 7. Velocity decay*, figure 7.

CLARK, A.R. III 1974 Effects of initial conditions on the develop-

ment of a plane turbulent jet. M.S. thesis, Dept. Mech. Eng., Univ. Houston.

See also PF

, 1416, 1977.

DAVIES, A.E., KEFFER, J.F., and BAINES, W.D. 1975 Spread of a

heated plane turbulent jet. Phys. Fluids

, 770–775.

Mean velocity*, figure

3. Temperature*, figures 11, 12. Growth rate*, figure 7. Velocity decay*,

figure 8. Reynolds stresses*, figure 6. See MS Thesis by DAVIES.

FLORA, J.J. Jr. and GOLDSCHMIDT, V.W. 1969 Virtual origins of

a free plane turbulent jet. AIAA J.

, 2344–2346.

Apparent origin, table 1.

FORTHMANN 1934 (cited under wall jet)

GILBERT, B.L. 1983 Detailed turbulence measurements in a two-

dimensional upwash. AIAA Paper 83-1678.

Geometry*, figure 1. Growth*,

figure 7. Mean velocity*, figures 11, 13. Reynolds stresses, figures 14–17.

GILBERT, B.L. 1988 Turbulence measurements in a two-dimensional

upwash. AIAA J.

, 10–14.

Work done at Grumman. Two opposed plane

wall jets, documented. Further data in upwash jet; profiles of mean velocity,

Reynolds stresses, Said to be preliminary. Mean velocity*, figure 7. Growth

rate, figures 6a, 12a. Velocity decay, figures 6b, 12b. Reynolds stresses*,

figures 8–11.

GOLDSCHMIDT, V.W. and ESKINAZI, S. 1966 Two-phase turbu-

lent flow in a plane jet. Trans. ASME (J. Appl. Mech.)

33E

, 735–747

(see also Ph. D. thesis by GOLDSCHMIDT, ”Two-phase flow in a two-

dimensional turbulent jet,” Dept. Mech. Eng., Syracuse Univ., 1965).

Veloc-

ity profiles*, figure 6. Concentration profiles*, figure 20. Centerline decay*,

349

figures 10, 23. Growth rate*, figures 11, 22. Reynolds stresses*, figure 17.

Some figures have been read.

GOLDSCHMIDT, V.W., HOUSEHOLDER, M.K., AHMADI, G., and

CHUANG, S.C. 1972 Turbulent diffusion of small particles suspended

in turbulent jets. Prog. Heat Mass Transf.

, 487–508 (see also, Ph. D.

thesis by HOUSEHOLDER, ”Turbulent diffusion of small particles in a two-

dimensional free jet,” Purdue Univ., 1969).

Velocity profile*, figures VI-1,

VI-2. Velocity decay, figure VI-3. Growth rate*, figure VI-4. Reynolds

stresses, figure VI-7. Concentration profile*, figure 43.

GOLDSCHMIDT, V.W., MOALLEMI, M.K., and OLER, J.W. 1983

Structures and flow reversal in turbulent plane jets. Phys. Fluids

, 428–

432 (see also Ph. D. thesis by OLER, Coherent structures in the similarity

region of a two-dimensional turbulent jet: a vortex street, Purdue Univ.,

1980).

Velocity profiles*, figure 7, 8. See theses by MOALLEMI, OLER.

GUTMARK, E. and WYGNANSKI, I. 1976 The planar turbulent jet.

J. Fluid Mech.

, 465–495; also “On the two-dimensional turbulent jet,”

Technion, TAE Rep. 201, 1974.

Intermittency*, figures 2, 3, 28. Mean

velocity*, figures 4, 7. Growth rate*, figure 5. Velocity decay*, figure 6.

Reynolds stresses*, figures 8–12. See M. S. thesis by Gutmark.

HAASZ, A.A. and RAIMONDO, S. 1980 Effectiveness of an air-curtain

canopy against precipitation. J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn.

, 273–290; see

also Raimondo, S. and Haasz, A.A., “Single and dual air curtain jets used as

protection against precipitation,” Univ. Toronto, Inst. Aerosp. Studies, Rep.

UTIAS-227, 1978.

Wind tunnel tests with single and dual jets, using glass

beads; also computer simulations and full-scale tests. Droplet trajectories;

breakup. Geometry*, figure 1. Flow viz*, figure 4a. Trajectories*, figure 9.

HANNUM, W.H. and GRIFFITH, W. 1955 On the intermittency of

a two-dimensional jet. J. Aeron. Sci.

, 202–203; (see also Senior thesis

by HANNUM, “Intermittency of a two dimensional jet as investigated with

a hot-wire anemometer,” Dept. Physics, Princeton Univ., 1954).

Velocity

profiles*, figures 2, 3, table 1. Intermittency*, figure 1

HATTA, K. and NOZAKI, T. 1975 Two-dimensional and axisymmet-

ric jet flows with finite initial cross sections. Bull. JSME

, 349–357.

Mean

velocity*, figures 4, 8, 10. Growth rate*, figures 5, 7. Velocity decay*, figure

6. Also round jet.

HESKESTAD, G. 1962 Measurements in a two-dimensional turbulent

jet. Dept. Mechanics, Johns Hopkins Univ., Contr. AF 49(638)-248, Rep.

AFOSR 2456.

Velocity profiles*, figure 14. Reynolds stresses*, figures 13,

15, 17–20, 30, 33–36. Intermittency*, figure 29.

HETSRONI, G., HALL, C.W., and DHANAK, A.M. 1965 Momen-

350

tum transfer in thermally asymmetric turbulent jets. Trans. ASME (J. Heat

Transf.)

87C

, 429–435.

Thermal air curtain. Mean velocity*, figures 5, 6,

HILL, W.G. Jr., JENKINS, R.C., and GILBERT, B.L. 1976 Effects

of the initial boundary-layer state on turbulent jet mixing. AIAA J.

1513–1514.

Decay*, figures 1, 3. Need Grumman report.

HSIAO, F.-B. and HUANG, J.-M. 1990 On the evolution of instabil-

ities in the near field of a plane jet. Phys. Fluids

, 400–412.

Reynolds

stress*, figure 6. Faired data.

HUSSAIN, A.K.M.F. and CLARK, A.R. 1977 Upstream influence on

the near field of a plane turbulent jet. Phys. Fluids

, 1416–1425 (see

also Ph. D. thesis by CLARK, Effect of initial conditions on the develop-

ment of a plane turbulent jet, Dept. Mech. Eng., Univ. Houston, 1974).

Mean velocity*, figures 4.5, 4.6, 4.8, 4.9, 5.1, 5.2. Static pressure*, figure

4.7. Reynolds stresses*, figures 4.10, 5.3–5.12. Growth rate*, figure 4.11.

Velocity decay*, figures 5.13–5.21. All data tabulated

JENKINS, P.E. and GOLDSCHMIDT, V.W. 1973 Mean tempera-

ture and velocity in a plane turbulent jet. Trans. ASME (J. Fluids Eng.)

, 581–584 (see also Ph. D. thesis by JENKINS, ”A study of the inter-

mittent region of a heated two-dimensional plane jet,” Purdue Univ., 1974).

Velocity profiles*, figure F-3. Growth rate*, figure F-1. Velocity*, tempera-

ture decay, figure F-2. Temperature profiles*, figure F-4. Reynolds stresses,

figures 4-11. Intermittency, figure B-5.

JENKINS, P.E. and GOLDSCHMIDT, V.W. 1976 Conditional (point

averaged) temperature and velocities in a heated turbulent plane jet. Phys.

Fluids

, 613–617; see also A study of the intermittent region of a heated

two-dimensional plane jet, Purdue Univ., Dept. Mech. Eng., Rep. HL 74–

45, 1974.

Heated plane jet of aspect ratio 24. Overall and zone-averaged

profiles of mean velocity, mean temperature, shearing stress, heat transport;

intermittency and crossing frequency to

x/d

= 55

. Interfaces coincide for

velocity and temperature fluctuations. Intermittency*, figure 4. Crossing

frequency*, figure 5.

KNYSTAUTAS, R. 1964 The turbulent jet from a series of holes in

line. Aeron. Quart.

, 1–28; also McGill Univ., Mech. Eng. Res. Labs, Rep.

62-1, 1962 (see also Ph. D. thesis by KNYSTAUTAS, same title, McGill

Univ. 1962).

Velocity profiles*, figures 3, 4, 6–8, 12, 13, 18, 20, 21. Cen-

terline decay*, figures 5, 11.

KOTSOVINOS, N.E. 1975 A study of the entrainment and turbu-

lence in a plane buoyant jet. Ph. D. thesis, Calif. Inst. Technology.

Mean

velocity, figures 5.1.1a–f, 5.1.3, 6.1.1a. Growth rate, figure 5.1.2, 6.1.2,

351

table 5.1.1. Velocity decay, figure 5.2.2. Reynolds stresses, figure 5.5.1.

KREMER, H. 1966 Mixing in a plane free-turbulent-jet diffusion flame.

Proc. 11th Symposium (International) on Combustion

, 799–806.

Decay

rate*, figure 4.

LAI, J.C.S. and SIMMONS, J.M. 1980 Instantaneous velocity mea-

surements in a periodically pulsed plane turbulent jet. AIAA J.

, 1532–

1534; more data in Univ. Queensland, Dept. Mech. Eng. Rep. 13/79, 1979.

Limited data for mean velocity as a function of phase. Velocity*, figure 2.

LEMIEUX, G.P. and OOSTHUIZEN, P.H. 1985 Experimental study

of the behavior of plane turbulent jets at low Reynolds numbers. AIAA

, 1845–1846.

Velocity profiles*, figure 2. Velocity decay, figure 3.

Reynolds stresses*, figure 4. There is an ASME preprint by OOSTHUIZEN.

MILLER, D.R. and COMINGS, E.W. 1957 Static pressure distribu-

tion in the free turbulent jet. J. Fluid Mech.

, 1–16 (see also Ph. D. thesis

by MILLER, “Static pressure gradients in turbulent jet mixing,”, Purdue

Univ., 1957).

Velocity profiles*, figures 4, 17. Reynolds stresses*, figures

14, 16, 18. Static pressure*, figures 15, 18. All collected in tables 18, 21

MOUM, J.N., KAWALL, J.G., and KEFFER, J.F. 1983 Coherent

structures within the plane turbulent jet. Phys. Fluids

, 2939–2945.

Intermittency*, figure 3.

NEWBERT, J.N. 1973 An interferometric study of a linear slot vent.

M. Sc. thesis, Cranfield Inst. Technology, 107 pp.

Mean velocity*, figures

13, 14, 18. Mean temperature*, figures 15, 18. Velocity decay*, figure 17.

Temperature decay*, figures 22-24.

O’CALLAGHAN, P.W., PROBERT, S.D., and NEWBERT, G.J. 1975

Velocity and temperature distributions for cold air jets issuing from linear

slot vents into relatively warm air. J. Mech. Eng. Sci.

, 139–149.

Cold

plane jet without side plates. Profiles of mean temperature (interferometry);

axial temperature decay; apparent origin changes rapidly from downstream

to upstream at

= 10

. Mean velocity, figures 7, 9. Mean temperature*,

figures 8, 9. Axial decay*, figure 13.

OLER, J.W. and GOLDSCHMIDT, V.W. 1980 Interface crossing fre-

quency as a self-preserving flow variable in a turbulent plane jet. Phys.

Fluids

, 19–21.

Intermittency and crossing frequency to

x/d

= 60

. Data

imply coalescence of large structures. Intermittency*, figure 2.

OLSON, R.E. 1962 An analytical and experimental study of two-

dimensional compressible submerged jets. In

Proc. Fluid Amplification Sym-

posium

, Diamond Ordnance Labs., 267–286.

Subsonic and supersonic plane

jets into air at rest; profiles of mean velocity. Scanty data; see other papers.

Mean velocity*, figures 5, 6. Decay, figure 7.

352

OSEBERG, O.K. and KLINE, S.J. 1971 The near field of a plane jet

with several initial conditions. Stanford Univ., Dept. of Mech. Eng., Rep.

MD-28.

Various velocity ratios in water with and without boundary layer

control. Low Reynolds number, with regular vortices dominating near field.

Profiles of mean velocity, turbulence intensity. Autocorrelations. Hot film

data are tabulated. Hydrogen bubble photographs. Mean velocity*, figures

4.3d, 4.4a, others. Reynolds stresses*, figures 4.3d, 4.4b, others.

OTUGEN, M.V. 1986 An investigation of the structure of moderate

Reynolds number plane air jets. Ph. D. thesis, Drexel Univ.

Mean velocity*,

figures 4.11–4.13. Mean temperature*, figures 5.9–5.11. Velocity decay*,

figures 4.4, 4.9. Growth rate, figures 4.14, 5.7, 5.15. Reynolds stresses*,

figures 4.5, 4.10-4.13, 5.8, 5.12–5.14.

OTUGEN, M.V. and NAMER, I. 1986 The effect of Reynolds number

on the structure of plane turbulent jets. AIAA Paper 86-0038.

Decay*, figure

2. Mean and fluctuating velocities*, figure 4. Growth, figure 5.

PERSEN, L.N. 1981 The near field of a plane turbulent jet. In

Fluid

Dynamics of Jets with Applications to V/STOL

,AGARD Conference Pro-

ceedings No. 308, Paper 14.

Mean velocity*, figure 3. Growth rate*, velocity

decay*, figures 4, 5. Normal velocity, figure 6. Reynolds stresses*, figures

8, 9, 12

PERSEN, L.N. and SKAUG, J.A. 1975 Experimental investigation

of the plane jet (Part I). Institutt for Mekanikk, Univ. Trondheim, Tech.

Rep. No. 1; Pub. No. 75:2.

Mean velocity*, figure 5. Growth rate*, figure 6.

Velocity decay*, figure 7. Data tabulated

PERSEN, L.N. and SKAUG, J.A. 1982 Experimental investigation of

the plane jet (Part II). Institutt for Mekanikk, Univ. Trondheim, Tech. Rep.

No. 2.

Check date. Velocity decay*, figures A1-A4. Growth rate*, figures

A5-A8. Data tabulated

REICHARDT, Foheft 414, 1942.

SATO, H. 1960 The stability and transition of a two-dimensional jet.

J. Fluid Mech.

, 53–80.

Velocity profiles*, figure 2, 26. Growth rate, figure

3. Reynolds stresses, figure 10.

SATO, H. 1988 Visualized mechanism of laminar-turbulent transition

of a two-dimensional parabolic jet. In

Proc. First World Conference on

Experimental Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics, and Thermodynamics

(R.K.

Shah, E.N. Ganic, and K.T. Yang, eds.), Elsevier, 1518–1521.

Flow viz*,

figures 6–9.

SATO, H. and SAKAO, F. 1964 An experimental investigation of the

instability of a two-dimensional jet at low Reynolds numbers. J. Fluid Mech.

, 337–352.

Mean velocity*, figures 2, 3. Velocity decay, figure 4. Growth

353

rate, figure 5.

SCHLIEN, D.J. and HUSSAIN, A.K.M.F. 1983 Visualization of the

large-scale motion of a plane jet. In

Flow Visualization III

(W.J. Yang,

ed.), Hemisphere, 498–502.

Geometry, figure 1. Flow viz*, figures 2–4.

TAILLAND, A., SUNYACH, M., and MATHIEU, J. 1967

Etude d’un

jet plan. C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris

264A

, 527–530.

Plane jet. Profiles of

mean velocity; growth rate; turbulence intensity; correlations, scales. Mean

velocity*, figure 2. Growth rate*, figure 3.

THOMAS, F.O. and PRAKASH, K.M.K. 1991 An experimental in-

vestigation of the natural transition of an untuned planar jet. Phys. Fluids

, 90–105.

Velocity*, figure 2. Reynolds stresses*, figure 4.

THOMPSON, C.A. 1986 Hot-wire measurements on a plane turbu-

lent jet. In

Preprints, Tenth Symposium on Turbulence

(X. B. Reed, Jr. et

al., eds.), Dept. Chem. Eng., Univ. Missouri (Rolla), Paper 44.

Velocity*,

figures 3, 5. Reynolds stresses*, figures 4, 6.

UBEROI, M.S. and SINGH, P.I. 1975 Turbulent mixing in a two-

dimensional jet. Phys. Fluids

, 764–769.

Linear flying resistance ther-

mometer moving normal to plane of jet; also conventional mean data. Mean

and rms

are quite homogeneous across layer when flapping is removed,

with near discontinuity at edge. Only indirect evidence for large structure.

Geometry*, figure 2. Reynolds stresses*, figure 6. Mean velocity, figure 8.

1947 Cleeves and Boelter, CEP

, 123

1949 Becher, Kobenhavn

1954 Torda and Gustavson, TR-11, U. Illinois

1957 Eyles and Foster, Rep. 30, U. Bristol

1960 Levey, ZAMP

, 152

1963 Olson and Miller, HDL Rep. 6

1967 Rajaratnam and Subramanya, JRAS

, 585

1968 Grosche, DLR FB 68-46

1969 Grundmann, Berlin

1970 Gutmark, thesis, Technion (in Hebrew)

1970 Patel, thesis, McGill U.

1971 Allen and Lake, UTIAS Rep 165 (I have copy)

1971 Allen, UTIAS TN 171 (I have copy)

1971 Gartshore, VKI LS 36 (I have copy)

1971 Lake and Etkin, UTIAS Rep 163 (I have copy)

1971 Robins, thesis, U. London

1971 Sunyach, thesis, U. Lyon

1972 Mih and Hoopes, PASCE

, 1274

1973 Goldschmidt and Bradshaw, PF

, 354

354

1973 Lake and Etkin, UTIAS Rep 182

1973 Mumford, thesis, U. Cambridge

1973 Smith, thesis, McGill U.

1975 Chandra, thesis, W Va

1975 Haasz et al, UTIAS TN 192

1976 Jenkins, ASME JEP

, 501

1978 Haasz and Raimondo, UTIAS Rep 227

1979 Cudahy et al, AIAA J

, 1091

1979 Dekeyser and Beguier, TSF 2, 1.1

1979 Moum et al, PF

, 1240

1980 Antonia and Phan-Thien, IJHMT

, 1160

1980 Ganji and Sawyer, AIAA J.

, 817

1980 Minaie, thesis, Iowa State

1981 de Gortari and Goldschmidt, JFE

103

, 119

1981 Hussain and Clark, AIAA J

, 51

1981 Oler and Goldschmidt, TSF 3, 11.1

1982 Kirchner, MS thesis, AFIT

1983 Dekeyser, JMTA

, 915

1983 Drubka and Nagib, SCTSF, 146

1984 Browne, et al, JFM

149

, 355

1985 Antonia, et al, TSF

, 14.1

1985 Kamen and Haasz, UTIAS Rep R-288

1986 Chen et al, Rolla

1988 Hsiao and Huang, Rolla, Paper A5

1989 Miyata et al, TSF 7, Paper 25-2

1990 Chatwin and Sullivan, JFM

212

, 533

Plane jet into moving fluid

Major surveys and theory

MIDDLETON, D. 1979 The generalization of a double integral method

with applications to jets in unbounded co-flows. Aeron. Quart.

, 322–342.

See Squire and Trouncer. Method recovers similarity laws for classical plane

and round jets. Results agree well enough with Wygnanski’s analysis for

plane jet.

NEWMAN, B.G. 1965 Turbulent jets and wakes in a pressure gradi-

ent. In

Fluid Mechanics of Internal Flow

, Elsevier, 1967, 170–201.

General

355

similarity arguments, with most detail for jet into still fluid and for linearized

jet or wake.

WILKS, G. and HUNT, R. 1981 The assimilation of a strong, two-

dimensional laminar jet into an aligned uniform stream. Proc. Roy. Soc.

Edinburgh

90A

, 13–23.

Good numerical analysis of relaxation. Check for

information about apparent origin. Decay*, figure 4.

WYGNANSKI, I. 1967 The two-dimensional laminar jet in parallel

streaming flow. J. Fluid Mech.

, 431–443.

Relaxation, strong jet to weak

jet.

WYGNANSKI, I. and FIEDLER, H.E. 1968 Jets and wakes in tai-

lored pressure gradient. Boeing Sci. Res. Labs., Doc. D1-82-0711; also Phys.

Fluids

, 2513–2523.

Theory for other people’s data. General similarity

argument, laminar or turbulent. Turbulent case uses eddy viscosity and re-

quires linear growth. Results of integrations are tabulated.

1971 Allen and Lake, UTIAS Rep 165

1980 Antonia and Phan-Thien, IJHMT

, 1160

Experimental data

ANDERSON, P., LARUE, J.C., and LIBBY, P.A. 1979 Preferential

entrainment in a two-dimensional turbulent jet in a moving stream. Phys.

Fluids

, 1857–1861.

Growth rate*, velocity decay*, figures 1, 2.

BRADBURY, L.J.S. 1965 The structure of a self-preserving turbulent

plane jet. J. Fluid Mech.

, 31–64 (see also Ph. D. thesis by BRADBURY,

“An investigation into the structure of a turbulent plane jet,” Univ. London,

1963).

Outer fluctuations.

BRADBURY, L.J.S. and RILEY, J. 1967 The spread of a turbulent

plane jet issuing into a parallel moving airstream. J. Fluid Mech.

, 381–

394.

Velocity profiles*, figure 2. Velocity decay*, figures 3, 4, 5. Growth

rate*, figures 4, 5. Reynolds stresses*, figure 6.

DEKEYSER, I. 1983 Jet plan dissym ́etrique chauff ́e en r ́egime tur-

bulent incompressible. J. M ́ec. Theor. Appliqu ́ee

, No. 6, 915–945.

Heated

jet into stream/stagnant fluid. References may be useful. Mean velocity*,

figure 4. Mean temperature*, figure 6. Reynolds stresses*, figures 9, 10.

Energy balance.

EVERITT, K.W. and ROBINS, A.G. 1978 The development and struc-

ture of turbulent plane jets. J. Fluid Mech.

, 563–583.

Growth rate*,

figure 2. Velocity decay*, figure 3. Reynolds stresses*, figures 12, 13.

FEKETE, G.I. 1970 Two-dimensional, self-preserving turbulent jets

in streaming flow. Mech. Eng. Res. Labs., McGill Univ., Rep. No. 70-11.

356

Velocity*, figure 15.1. Reynolds stresses*, figures 15.2–15.5, 15.8. Intermit-

tency, figure 26. Also other velocity ratios. Some data tabulated.

FEKETE, G.I. and NEWMAN, B.G. 1991 Self-preserving two-dimen-

sional jets in a pressure gradient. In

Recent Advances in Experimental Fluid

Mechanics

(F.G. Zhuang, ed.), International Academic Publishers, 731–

736.

Geometry*, figure 1. Growth*, figure 3. Velocity*, figure 6. Reynolds

stress*, figures 2, 7–9.

FERGUSON, C.K. 1949 Mixing of parallel flowing streams in a pres-

sure gradient. In

Proc. Heat Transfer Fluid Mechanics Institute

, 77–88 (see

also M. S. thesis by FERGUSON, ”Investigation of the mixing of parallel

flowing plane air streams in the pressure gradient of a jet ejector,” Dept.

Mech. Eng., UC Berkeley, 1948).

Velocity profiles*, figures 3–6, 12, tables

p 42–44, 46–48, 50–52, 54–55. Pressure rise*, figure 7, tables p 45, 49, 53,

56.

JOHNSON, N.R. and WEINSTEIN, A.S. 1965 Simultaneous diffu-

sion of momentum and energy for the free slot jet with moving secondary.

Developments in Mechanics

, Part 1, Fluid Mechanics

, Pergamon, 440–

462 (see also Ph. D. thesis by JOHNSON, ”Simultanous diffusion of mo-

mentum and energy for the free and confined slot jet,” Carnegie Inst. Tech.,

1961).

Velocity profiles*, figures 2b, 3b, 9b. Temperature profiles, figure 10b.

Growth rate*, figures 13b, 14b. Centerline decay*, figures 15b, 16b.

RILEY, M.J. 1973 Plane turbulent jet flow in a favourable pressure

gradient. ARC CP 1236.

Mean velocity*, 3 profiles, figure 6. Velocity

decay*, figures 8, 9. Growth rate*, figures 10, 11.

STOLLERY, J.L., EL-EHWANY, A.A.M., and BURNS, W.K. 1967

An experimental study of the mixing of dissimilar gases with applications to

film cooling. Fluid Dynamics Transactions (Warsaw)

, 647–663.

Plane jet

of air, helium, or Freon 12 from trailing edge of airfoil into moving air as

free jet or wall jet. Probably theses by last two authors. Geometry*, figures

1, 2. Velocity*, figure 3. Decay*, figures 4, 5. Growth*, figures 6, 7. Film

cooling, figure 14.

VON ROSENBERG, D.U. 1953 Mixing of gas streams in coaxial cir-

cular jets and parallel flat jets. Sc. D. thesis, MIT.

WEINSTEIN, A.S., OSTERLE, J.F., and FORSTALL, W. 1956 Mo-

mentum diffusion from a slot jet into a moving secondary. Trans. ASME (J.

Appl. Mech.)

, 437–443 (see also Ph. D. thesis by WEINSTEIN, ”Diffu-

sion of momentum from free and confined slot jets into moving secondary

streams,” Dept. Mech. Eng., Carnegie Inst. Technology, 1955).

Some fig-

ures* have been read.

1964 Reichardt, FIW

, 133

357

1968 Bettoli, MS thesis, Penn. State U

1969 Grundmann, Berlin

1971 Beguier, thesis, Marseille

1987 Ballal and Chen, AIAA 87-0375

3-D effects in plane jets

Major surveys and theory

Experimental data

BOURQUE, C. 1973 Contribution a l’etude du developpement d’un

jet issu d’une tuyere de faible allongement et confine entre deux parois lat-

erales. C.A.S.I. Trans.

, 61–64.

Variable spacing for lateral walls; strong

3-D effects. Faired isotachs; not much effect on decay rate. Velocity decay*,

figure 4. Growth rate*, figure 3. Velocity contours*, figure 2.

EASTLAKE, C.N. II 1971 The macroscopic characteristics of some

subsonic nozzles and the three-dimensional turbulent jets they produce.

Aerospace Res. Labs., Rep. ARL 71-0058.

Mean velocity*, figures 16, 17.

Velocity decay*, figure 7. Growth rate*, figure 19. Includes round jet, figures

7, 10, 11.

EASTLAKE, C.N. II 1972 Velocity irregularities in the near field of

high aspect ratio turbulent jets. Aerospace Res. Labs., Rep. ARL 72-0157.

Analog data only.

EASTLAKE, C.N. II 1972 Velocity measurements in partially con-

fined rectangular jets. Aerospace Res. Labs., Rep. ARL 72-0121.

Velocity

profiles*, figure 14. Growth rate*, figures 8, 13. Velocity decay*, figures 9,

10. Also effect of side walls.

ELROD, H.G. Jr. 1954 Computation charts and theory for rectangu-

lar and circular jets. Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning

, 149–155.

FOSS, J.F. and JONES, J.B. 1968 Secondary flow effects in a bounded

rectangular jet. Trans. ASME (J. Basic Eng.)

90D

, 241–248 (see also Ph.

D. thesis by FOSS, “A study of incompressible bounded turbulent jets,”

Purdue Univ., 1965).

Velocity profile*, figure 11. Growth rate, figure 6.

Velocity decay*, figure 8. Reynolds stresses, figure 26.

GILBERT, B. 1986 Turbulence measurements in a flow generated by

the collision of radially flowing wall jets. In

Preprints, Tenth Symposium on

Turbulence

(X. B. Reed, Jr. et al., eds.), Dept. Chem. Eng., Univ. Missouri

(Rolla), Paper 32.

See Exp. in Fluids.

358

GILBERT, B. 1989 Turbulence measurements in a flow generated by

the collision of radially flowing wall jets. Exp. in Fluids

, 103–110.

Veloc-

ity*, figures 6, 8. Reynolds stresses*, figures 9, 11. Intermittency*, figure

12.

GILBERT, B. 1989 Turbulence measurements in a radial upwash.

AIAA J.

, 44–51.

Two interfering radial wall jets. Profiles of mean ve-

locity, intermittency; growth rate, velocity decay; pressure on ground plane.

See refs 8–11 for more data. Velocity*, figure 10. Intermittency*, figure 11.

GRANDMAISON, E.W., POLLARD, A., and NG, S. 1987 Contam-

inant mixing in a rectangular jet. In

Preprints, Sixth Symposium on Turbu-

lent Shear Flows

, Toulouse, Paper 9.4.

Concentration decay*, figures 3, 4.

Concentration*, figure 8. Fluctuations*, figure 9. Intermittency, figure 10.

GRAY, R.W. 1969 Effects of upstream disturbance intensity on the

spreading of a semi-confined jet. M.S. thesis, Dept. Mech. Eng., Pennsylva-

nia State Univ.

Velocity decay, figures 4.4–4.6. Growth rate*, figure 4.22.

Mean velocity, figures 4.14, 4.16–4.18. Velocity contours, figure 4.28.

GRAY, R.W. and SHEARER, J.L. 1971 Effects of upstream distur-

bances on the spreading of large fluid-amplifier-type jets. Trans. ASME (J.

Dyn. Syst. Meas. Control)

93G

, 53–60.

Mean velocity profiles*, figures 4–6.

Velocity decay*, figures 7, 10. Reynolds stresses*, figures 9, 11. See MS

thesis by Gray.

GUTMARK, E. and SCHADOW, K.C. 1987 Azimuthal instabilities

and mixing characteristics of a small aspect ratio slot jet. AIAA Paper

87-0486.

Most data faired. Contours, figure 12.

GUTMARK, E. and SCHADOW, K.C. 1987 Flow characteristics of

orifice and tapered jets. Phys. Fluids

, 3448–3454.

Reynolds stresses*,

figure 5. Velocity contours*, figure 12. Mostly faired data.

HITCHMAN, G.J., STRONG, A.B., SLAWSON, P.R., and RAY, G.D.

1990 Turbulent plane jet with and without confining end walls. AIAA J.

, 1699–1700.

Growth*, figure 2. Momentum*, figure 1.

HOLDEMAN, J.D. and FOSS, J.F. 1975 The initiation, development,

and decay of the secondary flow in a bounded jet. Trans. ASME (J. Fluids

Eng.)

97I

, 342–352 (see also Ph. D. thesis by HOLDEMAN, The initia-

tion, development, and decay of the secondary flow in an incompressible

turbulent bounded jet, Dept. Mech. Eng., Michigan State Univ., 1970; also

HOLDEMAN, J.D. and FOSS, J.F., same title, Progress Rep. No. 2, Grant

DAAG-39-68-C-0034, U.S. Army, 1970, with data tabulation in appendix).

HSIA, Y., KROTHAPALLI, A., BAGANOFF, D., and KARAMCHETI,

K. 1983 Effects of Mach number on the development of a subsonic rect-

angular jet. AIAA J.

, 176–177.

Velocity profiles*, figures 2, 3. Velocity

359

decay*, figure 1. Growth rate*, figure 4.

KROTHAPALLI, A., BAGANOFF, D., and KARAMCHETI, K. 1980

Development and structure of a rectangular jet in a multiple jet configura-

tion. AIAA J.

, 945–950.

Profiles of mean velocity, Reynolds stresses.

Probably part of Krothapalli’s thesis. Multiple jets. Velocity decay*, figure

6. Growth rate, figure 9. Reynolds stresses*, figures 10–18.

KROTHAPALLI, A., BAGANOFF, D., and KARAMCHETI, K. 1981

On the mixing of a rectangular jet. J. Fluid Mech.

107

, 201–220.

Velocity

decay*, figure 3. Mean velocity, figures 4, 5, 8, 9. Growth rate*, figure 6.

Reynolds stresses*, figures 10, 13–20.

LOURENCO, L. and KROTHAPALLI, A. 1988 Instantaneous veloc-

ity field measurements of a turbulent rectangular jet (

= 4) using particle

image displacement velocimetry. AIAA Paper 88-0498.

Flow viz only.

MARSTERS, G.F. 1979 The effects of upstream nozzle shaping on

incompressible turbulent flows from rectangular nozzles. Trans. Canadian

Soc. Mech. Eng.

, 197–203.

Mean velocity*, figure 3.

MARSTERS, G.F. 1981 Spanwise velocity distributions in jets from

rectangular slots. AIAA J.

, 148–152.

Data mostly faired. Write for

numbers. Also AIAA Paper 80-0202.

MARSTERS, G.F. and FOTHERINGHAM, J. 1980 The influence

of aspect ratio on incompressible, turbulent flows from rectangular slots.

Aeron. Quart.

, 285–305.

Velocity data faired. Velocity decay*, figure 4.

Growth rate*, figure 5. Reynolds stresses, figure 12.

McCABE, A. 1967 An experimental investigation of a plane subsonic

jet with an aspect ratio of three. Proc. Instn. Mech. Engrs.

182

, Part 3H,

342–346.

Mean velocity*, figure 36.2. Most data are faired.

MORRISON, G.L. and SWAN, D.H. 1989 Rectangular subsonic jet

flow field measurements. Turbomachinery Lab., Texas A and M Univ., Final

Rep. TL-89-JETS-GLM-1.

MORRISON, G.L. and SWAN, D.H. 1989 Three dimensional flow

field measurements of a 4:1 aspect ratio subsonic jet. AIAA Paper 89-1092.

NASA CR 181925. Faired data. Tables in NASA CR.

POLLARD, A. and IWANIW, M.A. 1985 Flow from sharp-edged rect-

angular orifices–the effect of corner rounding. AIAA J.

, 631–633.

Mean

velocity, figure 3. Velocity decay*, figure 2. Reynolds stresses*, figures 4, 5.

More complete version available from POLLARD.

POLLARD, A. and SCHWAB, R.R. 1988 The near-field behaviour of

rectangular free jets: an experimental and numerical study. In

Proc. First

World Conference on Experimental Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics, and

360

Thermodynamics

(R.K. Shah, E.N. Ganic, and K.T Yang, eds.), Elsevier,

1510–1517.

Velocity*, figure 3. Reynolds stresses*, figures 6, 7, 8, 9.

QUINN, W. 1990 Enhanced near-field mixing in turbulent free jets

issuing from sharp edged rectangular slots. AIAA Paper 90-0504.

Mean

velocity and Reynolds stresses*, figures 3-9.

QUINN, W.R. 1991 Passive near-field mixing enhancement in rect-

angular jet flows. AIAA J.

, 515–519.

Velocity*, figures 3, 4. Decay*,

figure 2. Reynolds stresses*, figures 7, 8.

QUINN, W.R. 1994 Development of a large-aspect-ratio rectangular

turbulent free jet. AIAA J.

, 547–554.

Velocity decay*, figure 2. Con-

tours*, figure 3. Growth rate*, figure 6. Reynolds stress*, figure 7.

QUINN, W.R. and MILITZER, J. 1988 Experimental and numerical

study of a turbulent free square jet. Phys. Fluids

, 1017–1025.

Profiles of

mean velocity, static pressure, Reynolds stresses; growth rate, velocity decay.

Thesis by Quinn at Queens’s Univ., Kingston, 1984. Mean velocity*, figure

5. Velocity decay*, figures 3, 4. Growth rate*, figure 6. Static pressure,

figure 9. Reynolds stresses*, figures 12–14. Includes round jet.

QUINN, W.R., POLLARD, A., and MARSTERS, G.F. 1983 On ”sad-

dle-backed” velocity distributions in a three-dimensional turbulent free jet.

AIAA Paper 83-1677.

Hot-wire data for all velocity and Reynolds stress

components. Very complex flow, very briefly described. Look for thesis by

Quinn, Queen’s Univ., Kingston. Mean velocity*, figures 2–4. Reynolds

stresses*, figures 5–8. Static pressure*, figures 9–10.

SARH, B. and G

OKALP, I. 1991 Variable density effects on the mix-

ing of turbulent rectangular jets. In

Preprints, Eighth Symposium on Turbu-

lent Shear Flows

, Vol. 1, Technical University of Munich, Paper 6-4.

Decay*,

figures 4, 7. Mass flow*, figure 8.

SARIPALLI, K.R. 1987 Laser Doppler velocimeter measurements in

3-D impinging twin-jet fountain flows. In

Turbulent Shear Flows 5

, Springer-

Verlag, 146–168.

Velocity*, figures 7, 10, 11. Reynolds stresses*, figures 8,

9, 12, 13 and so on.

SFEIR, A.A. 1976 The velocity and temperature fields of rectangu-

lar jets. Int’l. J. Heat Mass Transf.

, 1289–1297.

Velocity, temperature

profiles, figure 3. Velocity and temperature decay*, figure 1. Growth rate*,

figure 2.

SFEIR, A.A. 1979 Investigation of three-dimensional turbulent rect-

angular jets. AIAA J.

, 1055–1060.

Velocity profiles*, figures 4, 5.

Reynolds stresses*, figures 7–10. Velocity decay, figure 2. Growth rate*,

figure 3. Also AIAA Paper 78-1185.

SFORZA, P.M. and STASI, W. 1979 Heated three-dimensional tur-

361

bulent jets. Trans. ASME (J. Heat Transf.)

101

, 353–358.

Mean velocity*,

figures 10, 11, 13, 14. Growth rate*, figures 7, 8, 9.

STEK, J.B. and BRANDT, H. 1976 Aerodynamic throttling of a two-

dimensional flow by a thick jet. Aeron. Quart.

, 229–242.

Penetration of

plane jet into channel at angles from

◦

135

◦

. Growth rate; profiles of

mean velocity. Quite applied. Growth rate*, figure 2. Bubble*, figures 5–9.

Trajectory*, figures 10, 11.

TRENTACOSTE, N. and SFORZA, P. 1967 Further experimental re-

sults for three-dimensional free jets. AIAA J.

, 885–891.

Velocity decay*,

figure 3. Growth rate*, figure 5.

TSUCHIYA, Y., HORIKOSHI, C., and SATO, T. 1984 On the spread

of rectangular jets. In

Preprints, Ninth Symposium on Turbulence

(X.B.

Reed, Jr., ed.), Dept. Chem. Eng., Univ. Missouri (Rolla), Paper 15.

TSUCHIYA, Y., HORIKOSHI, C., and SATO, T. 1986 On the spread

of rectangular jets. Exp. in Fluids

, 197–204.

Also 9th Symp. Turbulence,

Rolla. Geometry*, figure 1. Mean velocity*, figures 3, 4. Growth*, figures

9, 12. Reynolds stresses*, figures 14–17.

TSUCHIYA, H., HORIKOSHI, C., SATO, T., and TAKAHASHI, M.

1989 A study on the spread of rectangular jets (the mixing layer near the

jet exit and visualization by the dye method). JSME Int’l. J.

, Series II,

11–18.

Velocity*, figures 4, 5, 6. Reynolds stresses*, figures 7, 8, 9. See for

flow viz.

van der HEGGE ZIJNEN, B.G. 1958 Measurements of the velocity

distribution in a plane turbulent jet of air. Appl. Sci. Res.

, 256–276.

Usable large-scale plots* supplied by HINZE.

van der HEGGE ZIJNEN, B.G. 1958 Measurements of the distribu-

tion of heat and matter in a plane turbulent jet of air. Appl. Sci. Res.

277–292.

van der HEGGE ZIJNEN, B.G. 1958 Measurements of turbulence in

a plane jet of air by the diffusion method and by the hot-wire method. Appl.

Sci. Res.

, 293–313.

1965 Yevdjevich, Colo. State U.

1967 Tao and Sforza, PIBAL Rep. 993

1975 Hatta and Nozaki, Bull. JSME

, 349

1990 Morrison and Swan, AIAA 90-0363

1990 Shih et al, AIAA 90-3962

362

Jet flap

Major surveys and theory

BEVILAQUA, P.M. and COLE, P.E. 1979 Progress towards a theory

of thrust recovery. In

Workshop on V/STOL Aircraft Aerodynamics

, Naval

Postgraduate School, Monterey, Vol. I, 509–527.

Hypothesis that mixing

reduces thrust recovery. Preliminary to JFM version.

HALSEY, N.D. 1974 Methods for the design and analysis of jet-flap-

ped airfoils. J. Aircraft

, 540–546.

General analytical method. Valuable

for design.

HAZEN, D.C. 1968 Boundary-layer control (film notes for educational

film). Encyclopaedia Britannica Educational Corp., Chicago.

Flow viz*, fig-

ures 17, 18.

HEROLD, A.C. 1973 A two-dimensional, iterative solution for the jet

flap. NASA CR-2190.

Flat-plate airfoil and curved jet sheet treated together

in terms of discrete vortex distribution. Strength of vortices iterated until

plate and flap lie on streamline.

KORBACHER, G.K. 1959 The jet flap and STOL. In:

Proc. Decen-

nial Symposium

, Institute of Aerophysics, Univ. Toronto, part II, 31–58.

KORBACHER, G.K. 1961 A drag hypothesis for jet-flapped wings.

J. Aerosp. Sci.

, 421–422.

Cites early British and French data. See p. 422

for emphatic rebuttal by E. G. Reid, and pp 984–985 for further comments

by both. Useful arguments and references.

KORBACHER, G.K. 1974 Aerodynamics of powered high-lift sys-

tems. Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech.

, 319–358.

See especially for recent ref-

erences.

KORBACHER, G.K. and SRIDHAR, K. 1960 A review of the jet

flap. Univ. Toronto, Inst. Aerophys., UTIA Review No. 14.

MALAVARD, L., JOUSSERANDOT, P., and POISSON-QUINTON, P.

1956 Jet induced circulation control. Aero Digest, Sept., 21–27; Oct., 46–

59; (month?) 34–46.

MOORHOUSE, D.J. 1974 Predicting the maximum lift of jet-flapped

wings. In

V/STOL Aerodynamics

, AGARD CP-143, Paper 3 with Appendix

Flow field*, figure A.2.

SATO, J. 1973 Discrete vortex method of two-dimensional jet flaps.

AIAA J.

, 968–973.

Conformal mapping with jet sheet represented by

series of discrete vortices. Generalization of Blasius formulas.

363

SIESTRUNK, R. 1961 General theory of the jet flap in two-dimensional

flow. In

Boundary Layer and Flow Control

(G.V. Lachmann, ed.), Vol. I,

Pergamon, 342–364.

SPENCE, D.A. 1956 The lift coefficient of a thin, jet-flapped wing.

Proc. Roy. Soc.

A238

, 46–68.

Thin-airfoil theory, linearized. Jet is rep-

resented by variable-strength vortex sheet. Potential flow is described by

Fourier series. Fundamental paper. Model*, figure 3. Lift*, figure 7.

SPENCE, D.A. 1956 The lift of a blowing wing in a parallel stream.

J. Aeron. Sci.

, 92–94.

Includes leading-edge suction for flat airfoil. Better

job than Helmbold, JAS

, 341, 1955.

SPENCE, D.A. 1958 Some simple results for two-dimensional jet-flap

aerofoils. Aeron. Quart.

, 395–406.

Theory; variation of lift with blowing

coefficient. Data cited are by Davidson, Dimmock.

STRATFORD, B.S. 1956 Early thoughts on the jet flap. Aeron. Quart.

, 45–59.

First paper. Historical survey; rough arguments for lift.

STRATFORD, B.S. 1956 Mixing and the jet flap. Aeron. Quart.

85–105.

Second paper. Argues importance of entrainment.

STRATFORD, B.S. 1956 A further discussion on mixing and the jet

flap. Aeron. Quart.

, 169–183.

Third paper. Quantitative theory of en-

trainment by equivalent sink.

WYGNANSKI, I. 1966 The effect of jet entrainment on loss of thrust

for a two-dimensional symmetrical jet-flap aerofoil. Aero. Quart.

, 31–

52.

Effect of streamlines around jet supply duct. Jet modelled by standard

distributed sink; remaining flow by conformal mapping. Fig. 13 shows en-

trainment flow (smoke pictures).

WYGNANSKI, I. and NEWMAN, B.G. 1964 The effect of jet en-

trainment on lift and moment for a thin aerofoil with blowing. Aeron. Quart.

, 122–150.

Airfoil with wall jet on upper surface represented by distributed

sink. Potential flow calculation of effect on lift, moment. Applied to old data

and to Wygnanski’s 5% triangular airfoil (see McGill Mech. Eng. Res. Labs

Rep. 4, 1961). May also be McGill Univ., Dept. Mech. Eng., Rep. 63-1,

1963.

1955 Helmbold, JAS

, 341

1955 Helmbold, JAS

, 341

Experimental data

BEVILAQUA, P.M., SCHUM, E.F., and WOAN, C.J. 1984 Progress

towards a theory of jet-flap thrust recovery. J. Fluid Mech.

141

, 347–364.

364

Airfoil with trailing-edge jet flap. Jet deflection

◦

. Various jet-

thrust coefficients. Theory is adequate until leading-edge separation occurs.

May also be AIAA Paper 83-0079. Thrust recovery*, figure 8. Pressure

distribution*, figure 9. Wake survey*, figure 10. Jet trajectory*, figures 11,

12.

DIMMOCK, N.A. 1957 An experimental introduction to the jet flap,

ARC CP 344. Some further jet-flap experiments, ARC CP 345. Summarized

in “Some early jet-flap experiments,” Aeron. Quart.

, 331–345, 1957.

Lift*,

figures 2, 6.

FOLEY, W.M. and REID, E.G. 1959 Jet-flap thrust recovery. J.

Aero/Space Sci.

, 385–387 (see also Ph. D. thesis by FOLEY, ”An ex-

perimental study of jet-flap thrust recovery,” Stanford Univ., 1963).

Lift*,

figure 2. Drag, figures 3, 4.

HACKETT, J.E. and LYMAN, V. 1973 The jet flap in three dimen-

sions: theory and experiment. AIAA Paper 73-653.

Wall jet*, figure 12.

Pressure*, figure 16. Lift*, figures 17, 25.

QUANBECK, A.H. 1963 Further verification of jet flap thrust recov-

ery and identification of its mechanism. Ph. D. thesis, Stanford Univ. (also

Dept. Aeronautics and Astronautics, Stanford Univ., SUDAER Rep. No.

144).

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1955 Curtet, CRAS

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1971 Wuest, Z Flugw

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