Quasi-optical solid-state microwave sources

Quasi-optical power-combining offers the most promising method for extracting large amounts of power from solid-state devices in the microwave and millimeter-wave range. This technique can be applied to a variety of devices. The difficulties associated with traditional waveguides power-combiners such as skin-effect losses are eliminated because the signals are combined in free-space. The solid-state devices are embedded in a two-dimensional grid configuration and placed in a Fabry-Perot cavity. In this respect, the quasi-optical power-combiner is analogous to a laser oscillator in which the active medium of the laser is replaced with an array of active devices. The grid presents a reflection coefficient to an incident plane wave which is larger than unity and the resonator provides feedback to couple the devices together. The two-dimensional structure of the grid is amenable to modern photolithographic processing and potentially allows thousands of devices to be integrated monolithically.