c12)
United
States
Patent
McKeon
et
al.
(54)
DYNAMIC
ROUGHNESS
FOR
AERODYNAMIC
APPLICATIONS
(75)
Inventors:
Beverley
J.
McKeon,
Tujunga,
CA
(US);
Christopher
Yu,
San
Jose,
CA
(US)
(73)
Assignee:
California
Institute
of
Technology,
Pasadena,
CA
(US)
(
*)
Notice:
Subject
to
any
disclaimer,
the
term
ofthis
patent
is
extended
or
adjusted
under
35
U.S.C.
154(b)
by
1178
days.
(21)
Appl.
No.:
12/106,638
(22)
Filed:
Apr.
21,
2008
(65)
Prior
Publication
Data
US
2009/0065650
Al
Mar.
12,
2009
Related
U.S.
Application
Data
(60)
Provisional
application
No.
60/925,323,
filed
on
Apr.
19,
2007.
(51)
Int.
Cl.
B64C
3154
(2006.01)
(52)
U.S.
Cl.
....................
244/99.8;
244/200;
244/200.1;
244/198
(58)
Field
of
Classification
Search
....................
244/46,
244/99.8,
198,
200,
200.1,
201
See
application
file
for
complete
search
history.
I
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Ill
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111111111111111111111111111111111
US008302904B2
(10)
Patent
No.:
US
8,302,904
B2
Nov.
6,
2012
(45)
Date
of
Patent:
(56)
References
Cited
U.S.
PATENT
DOCUMENTS
4,516,747
A
5,133,519
A *
5,961,080
A
5/1985
Lurz
7/1992
Falco
............................
2441200
10/1999
Sinha
2005/0121240
Al*
2005/0157893
Al*
6/2005
Aase
et
al.
180/68.l
7/2005
Pelrine
et
al.
.................
381/190
FOREIGN
PATENT
DOCUMENTS
WO
WO
2006/040532
Al
412006
*
cited
by
examiner
Primary
Examiner
-
Timothy
D
Collins
Assistant
Examiner
-
Nicholas
McFall
(7
4)
Attorney,
Agent,
or
Firm
-
Milstein
Zhang
&
Wu
LLC;
Joseph
B.
Milstein
(57)
ABSTRACT
Systems
and
methods
for
providing
dynamic
control
to
a
surface
immersed
in
a dynamic
fluid.
The
systems
and
meth-
ods
of
the
invention
relate
to
one
or
more
morphable
surfaces
that
can
be
control
in
an
active
manner
to
provide
asperities
that
interact
with
a fluid
moving
across
the
morphable
sur-
faces.
By
controlling
the
size,
shape
and
location
of
the
asperities,
one
can
exert
control
authority
over
the
motion
of
the
surface
relative
to
the
fluid.
Examples
of
materials
that
provide
suitable
morphable
surfaces
include
ionic
polymer
metal
composites
and
shape
memory
polymers,
both
of
which
types
of
material
are
commercially
available.
Useful
mor-
phable
surface
systems
have
been
examined
and
are
described.
22
Claims,
8 Drawing
Sheets
t
B
C
A
..
:{~~·:....
....
::{\·..
.
..
(~·~··.·
....
&:~
....
D
U.S.
Patent
Nov.
6,
2012
Sheet
1of8
POLYMER+
METAL
(Pt)
-1~
•MATERIAL
a).
POSITIVE
b).
NO
_._Mj;l...-MA
TE
RIAL
c).
NEGATIVE
FIG.
1
PRIOR
ART
+
..I
e
SIDE
CHAIN
HYDRATED
CATION~
WATER
FIXED
Na(H20)+
ANION
FIG.
2
PRIOR
ART
US
8,302,904
B2
MOBILE
CATION
U.S.
Patent
Nov.
6,
2012
Sheet
2
of
8
FIG.
3
PRIOR
ART
FIG.
4
PRIOR
ART
US
8,302,904
B2
U.S.
Patent
Nov.
6,
2012
Sheet
3of8
US
8,302,904
B2
F\G.
5
U.S.
Patent
Nov.
6,
2012
Sheet
4
of
8
DEAD
CENTER
FLUTE
POINT
ANGLE
FIG.
6
PRIOR
ART
US
8,302,904
B2