Supplementary Materials for
Physically defined long-term and short-term synapses for the development of
reconfigurable analog-type operators capable of performing health care tasks
Yongsuk Choi
et al.
Corresponding author: Wei Gao, weigao@caltech.edu; Jeong Ho Cho, jhcho94@yonsei.ac.kr
Sci. Adv.
9
, eadg5946 (2023)
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg5946
This PDF file includes:
Figs. S1 to S14
Supplementary
Figure
s
Supplementary
Fi
g
.
S
1
|
Confirmation
of the photochem
ical reaction
.
Fourier
transform
in
frared (FTIR) spectroscopy
of P3HT
under varied UV irradiation time
from 0 to 7 s
.
The
peak
appe
ars at 2125 cm
-
1
is
originated from the N
≡
N s
tretching vibration in the azide group.
Supplementary
Fig
.
S
2
|
Confirmation of ion
-
penetration behavior
by tracking
hysteresis
be
havior
as
func
tion of the reaction time.
Typical transfer characteristics (PSC
–
V
WC
curve) of
vertical
synap
se
with
varied UV expos
u
re
t
ime
.
Supplementary
Fig
.
S
3
| N
ormalized PSC states in the LTP curve.
Measured
(dots) and
ideal
linear line
plots
from
LTP
curve
s
of
F
ig. 3d
.
Supplementary
Fig
.
S
4
|
Method for calcu
lati
on
of the
ef
fective
number of states.
The
normalized
PSC
states
with
the dynamic range
were
plo
t
ted
as
a
function of pulse number
.
A
n
d
then, the
states havi
ng
Δ
state above the 0.5% of
the d
ynamic range
were defined a
s the effective states.
Supplementary
Fig
.
S
5
|
LTP/D curve
s under varied
depression voltage pulses
.
A
mong the varied depression voltages for the LTP/D measurement, the
V
LTD
of
2V showed the
m
ost reliable
reset property
.
Supplementary
Fig
.
S
6
|
Extract
ion
of representative PSC state from real
-
time
LTP/D curve
.
The LTP/D c
u
r
ve
h
a
s
50 potentiation
and
50 depression
cycles,
and
e
ach
updat
e
cycle
consists of 10 data
points
. The first
data point
represents the current upon p
ulse input, and the remaining 9 data points represent
the following retention current.
The last data point
of t
he cycle,
the
point
before the following pulse input, is
de
fine
d as a representative PSC state.
Supplementar
y
Fig
.
S
7
|
Verification of state stability
by
o
ve
rlapping of PSC
responses from regular
and
ir
regular pulse updates
.
The regular pulse set
consists
of
co
nsecu
tive
3
potenti
a
tion
pulses
follow
ed by 3 depression
pulses
(
PPPDDD
)
while
the
i
rregular
pul
se set
ha
s
the
mixed
ordering
of
potentiati
o
n and depression
pulses
(PPDPD
D)
.
Supplementary
Fig
.
S
8
|
Pre
-
recor
de
d
s
tatistical data for
reconfigurable synaptic logic operation.
D
istributions of
body mass in
dex (BMI)
for the Korean population in 202
0
by
a
statistical interval.
Supplementar
y Fig
.
S
9
|
Sche
matic d
iagram of the human appetite controlling system
.
N
eural
signals transmitted th
rough hormones
from
each cell and
tissue
are
integrated and
processed through
a biological neur
al network t
o
con
trol appetite.
Supplementary
Fig
.
S
10
|
Transfer cur
ves of
an
indium gallium zinc oxide
(IGZ
O)
transistor
un
der
varying
glucose
concentr
ations
.
The IGZO transistor
wa
s
fabricated on
SiO
2
/Si
++
wafer and the test solution containing glucose was
d
r
o
pped
on the
channel.
The gate
voltage was applied through
the
100
-
nm
-
thick
SiO
2
dielectric
l
ayer.
Supplement
ar
y
Fig
. S
1
1
|
Circuit diagram
s
of the sensor
-
synapse unit based on a
voltage divid
er
.
a
.
Strain sensor (
to simulate
the
stomach sensor)
an
d
b
,
glucose sensor
connected
to
the
syn
apse.
The
V
WC
applied t
o
the
synapse
is
amplified
upon
stomach expansion and
in
creases
glucose level.
Supplementary
Fig
.
S
1
2
|
The resistance
changes
of the sensors
and re
sulting
V
W
C
and
synaptic
current chang
e.
a
.
Measured
V
WC
inputs from
stomach sensor
-
synapse
unit
upon varied
mechanical
s
t
res
s
.
b.
A plot
of
resistance
and corresponding
V
WC
as
a
funct
ion of the applied strain.
c
.
LTP and retention
PSC
of
the
synaptic
device
connect
ed to the
strain sensor
unde
r varied strain
.
d
.
Measured
V
WC
inputs from
the glucose
sensor
-
synapse
unit
upo
n
va
ried
glucose l
evels
.
e
.
A plot
of resistance
and corresponding
V
WC
as
a
function
of the
glucose
level
.
f
.
LTP a
nd
retention
PSC
of the
synaptic
device
connected to the
glucose
sensor
under
varied
glucose
levels
.
Supplementary
Fig
.
S
1
3
|
Rea
l
-
ti
me plot
s
of
V
IN
,
V
WC
,
V
READ
,
and
corresponding
PSC
of
a
sensor
-
synapse integrated unit
.
a
.
Rea
l
-
ti
me plot
s
of
V
IN
,
V
WC
,
V
READ
,
and
corresponding
PSC
of
a
sensor
-
synapse int
egrated
device
simula
ting stomach
expansion and
b
.
increas
ing
g
lucose
level
.
Supplementary
Fig
.
S
1
4
|
R
etention current of the LTS and read PSC of the appetite control system
.
P
lots
of
the
set current
of LTS
(black)
and read PSC of the appetite co
ntrol system in normal and obese
cases.