Characterization of transient noise in Advanced
LIGO relevant to gravitational wave signal
GW150914
B P Abbott
1
, R Abbott
1
, T D Abbott
2
, M R Abernathy
1
,
F Acernese
3
,
4
, K Ackley
5
, M Adamo
4
,
21
, C Adams
6
,
T Adams
7
, P Addesso
3
, R X Adhikari
1
, V B Adya
8
,
C Affeldt
8
, M Agathos
9
, K Agatsuma
9
, N Aggarwal
10
,
O D Aguiar
11
, L Aiello
12
,
13
, A Ain
14
, P Ajith
15
,
B Allen
8
,
16
,
17
, A Allocca
18
,
19
, P A Altin
20
, S B Anderson
1
,
W G Anderson
16
, K Arai
1
, M C Araya
1
, C C Arceneaux
21
,
J S Areeda
22
, N Arnaud
23
, K G Arun
24
, S Ascenzi
25
,
13
,
G Ashton
26
, M Ast
27
, S M Aston
6
, P Astone
28
,
P Aufmuth
8
, C Aulbert
8
, S Babak
29
, P Bacon
30
,
M K M Bader
9
, P T Baker
31
, F Baldaccini
32
,
33
,
G Ballardin
34
, S W Ballmer
35
, J C Barayoga
1
,
S E Barclay
36
, B C Barish
1
, D Barker
37
, F Barone
3
,
4
,
B Barr
36
, L Barsotti
10
, M Barsuglia
30
, D Barta
38
,
J Bartlett
37
, I Bartos
39
, R Bassiri
40
, A Basti
18
,
19
,
J C Batch
37
, C Baune
8
, V Bavigadda
34
, M Bazzan
41
,
42
,
B Behnke
29
, M Bejger
43
, A S Bell
36
, C J Bell
36
,
B K Berger
1
, J Bergman
37
, G Bergmann
8
, C P L Berry
44
,
D Bersanetti
45
,
46
, A Bertolini
9
, J Betzwieser
6
, S Bhagwat
35
,
R Bhandare
47
, I A Bilenko
48
, G Billingsley
1
, J Birch
6
,
R Birney
49
, S Biscans
10
, A Bisht
8
,
17
, M Bitossi
34
, C Biwer
35
,
M A Bizouard
23
, J K Blackburn
1
, L Blackburn
10
,
C D Blair
50
, D G Blair
50
, R M Blair
37
, S Bloemen
51
,
O Bock
8
, T P Bodiya
10
, M Boer
52
, G Bogaert
52
, C Bogan
8
,
A Bohe
29
, P Bojtos
53
, C Bond
44
, F Bondu
54
, R Bonnand
7
,
B A Boom
9
, R Bork
1
, V Boschi
18
,
19
, S Bose
55
,
14
,
Y Bouffanais
30
, A Bozzi
34
, C Bradaschia
19
, P R Brady
16
,
V B Braginsky
48
, M Branchesi
56
,
57
, J E Brau
58
, T Briant
59
,
A Brillet
52
, M Brinkmann
8
, V Brisson
23
, P Brockill
16
,
A F Brooks
1
, D A Brown
35
, D D Brown
44
, N M Brown
10
,
C C Buchanan
2
, A Buikema
10
, T Bulik
60
, H J Bulten
61
,
9
,
A Buonanno
29
,
62
, D Buskulic
7
, C Buy
30
, R L Byer
40
,
L Cadonati
63
, G Cagnoli
64
,
65
, C Cahillane
1
,
J Calder ́on Bustillo
66
,
63
, T Callister
1
, E Calloni
67
,
4
,
J B Camp
68
, K C Cannon
69
, J Cao
70
, C D Capano
8
,
E Capocasa
30
, F Carbognani
34
, S Caride
71
,
J Casanueva Diaz
23
, C Casentini
25
,
13
, S Caudill
16
,
M Cavagli`a
21
, F Cavalier
23
, R Cavalieri
34
, G Cella
19
,
C B Cepeda
1
, L Cerboni Baiardi
56
,
57
, G Cerretani
18
,
19
,
arXiv:1602.03844v3 [gr-qc] 4 Jun 2016
Noise characterization related to GW150914
2
E Cesarini
25
,
13
, R Chakraborty
1
, T Chalermsongsak
1
,
S J Chamberlin
72
, M Chan
36
, S Chao
73
, P Charlton
74
,
E Chassande-Mottin
30
, S Chatterji
10
, H Y Chen
75
,
Y Chen
76
, C Cheng
73
, A Chincarini
46
, A Chiummo
34
,
H S Cho
77
, M Cho
62
, J H Chow
20
, N Christensen
78
,
Q Chu
50
, S Chua
59
, S Chung
50
, G Ciani
5
, F Clara
37
,
J A Clark
63
, F Cleva
52
, E Coccia
25
,
12
,
13
, P-F Cohadon
59
,
A Colla
79
,
28
, C G Collette
80
, L Cominsky
81
,
M Constancio Jr.
11
, A Conte
79
,
28
, L Conti
42
, D Cook
37
,
T R Corbitt
2
, N Cornish
31
, A Corsi
71
, S Cortese
34
,
C A Costa
11
, M W Coughlin
78
, S B Coughlin
82
,
J-P Coulon
52
, S T Countryman
39
, P Couvares
1
,
E E Cowan
63
, D M Coward
50
, M J Cowart
6
, D C Coyne
1
,
R Coyne
71
, K Craig
36
, J D E Creighton
16
, J Cripe
2
,
S G Crowder
83
, A Cumming
36
, L Cunningham
36
,
E Cuoco
34
, T Dal Canton
8
, S L Danilishin
36
, S D’Antonio
13
,
K Danzmann
17
,
8
, N S Darman
84
, V Dattilo
34
, I Dave
47
,
H P Daveloza
85
, M Davier
23
, G S Davies
36
, E J Daw
86
,
R Day
34
, D DeBra
40
, G Debreczeni
38
, J Degallaix
65
,
M De Laurentis
67
,
4
, S Del ́eglise
59
, W Del Pozzo
44
,
T Denker
8
,
17
, T Dent
8
, H Dereli
52
, V Dergachev
1
,
R T DeRosa
6
, R De Rosa
67
,
4
, R DeSalvo
87
, S Dhurandhar
14
,
M C D ́ıaz
85
, L Di Fiore
4
, M Di Giovanni
79
,
28
,
A Di Lieto
18
,
19
, S Di Pace
79
,
28
, I Di Palma
29
,
8
,
A Di Virgilio
19
, G Dojcinoski
88
, V Dolique
65
, F Donovan
10
,
K L Dooley
21
, S Doravari
6
,
8
, R Douglas
36
, T P Downes
16
,
M Drago
8
,
89
,
90
, R W P Drever
1
, J C Driggers
37
, Z Du
70
,
M Ducrot
7
, S E Dwyer
37
, T B Edo
86
, M C Edwards
78
,
A Effler
6
, H-B Eggenstein
8
, P Ehrens
1
, J Eichholz
5
,
S S Eikenberry
5
, W Engels
76
, R C Essick
10
, T Etzel
1
,
M Evans
10
, T M Evans
6
, R Everett
72
, M Factourovich
39
,
V Fafone
25
,
13
,
12
, H Fair
35
, S Fairhurst
91
, X Fan
70
, Q Fang
50
,
S Farinon
46
, B Farr
75
, W M Farr
44
, M Favata
88
, M Fays
91
,
H Fehrmann
8
, M M Fejer
40
, I Ferrante
18
,
19
, E C Ferreira
11
,
F Ferrini
34
, F Fidecaro
18
,
19
, I Fiori
34
, D Fiorucci
30
,
R P Fisher
35
, R Flaminio
65
,
92
, M Fletcher
36
,
J-D Fournier
52
, S Franco
23
, S Frasca
79
,
28
, F Frasconi
19
,
Z Frei
53
, A Freise
44
, R Frey
58
, V Frey
23
, T T Fricke
8
,
P Fritschel
10
, V V Frolov
6
, P Fulda
5
, M Fyffe
6
,
H A G Gabbard
21
, J R Gair
93
, L Gammaitoni
32
,
33
,
S G Gaonkar
14
, F Garufi
67
,
4
, A Gatto
30
, G Gaur
94
,
95
,
N Gehrels
68
, G Gemme
46
, B Gendre
52
, E Genin
34
,
A Gennai
19
, J George
47
, L Gergely
96
, V Germain
7
,
Archisman Ghosh
15
, S Ghosh
51
,
9
, J A Giaime
2
,
6
,
K D Giardina
6
, A Giazotto
19
, K Gill
97
, A Glaefke
36
,
E Goetz
98
, R Goetz
5
, L Gondan
53
, G Gonz ́alez
2
,
J M Gonzalez Castro
18
,
19
, A Gopakumar
99
, N A Gordon
36
,
M L Gorodetsky
48
, S E Gossan
1
, M Gosselin
34
, R Gouaty
7
,
C Graef
36
, P B Graff
62
, M Granata
65
, A Grant
36
, S Gras
10
,
Noise characterization related to GW150914
3
C Gray
37
, G Greco
56
,
57
, A C Green
44
, P Groot
51
, H Grote
8
,
S Grunewald
29
, G M Guidi
56
,
57
, X Guo
70
, A Gupta
14
,
M K Gupta
95
, K E Gushwa
1
, E K Gustafson
1
,
R Gustafson
98
, J J Hacker
22
, B R Hall
55
, E D Hall
1
,
G Hammond
36
, M Haney
99
, M M Hanke
8
, J Hanks
37
,
C Hanna
72
, M D Hannam
91
, J Hanson
6
, T Hardwick
2
,
J Harms
56
,
57
, G M Harry
100
, I W Harry
29
, M J Hart
36
,
M T Hartman
5
, C-J Haster
44
, K Haughian
36
,
A Heidmann
59
, M C Heintze
5
,
6
, H Heitmann
52
, P Hello
23
,
G Hemming
34
, M Hendry
36
, I S Heng
36
, J Hennig
36
,
A W Heptonstall
1
, M Heurs
8
,
17
, S Hild
36
, D Hoak
101
,
K A Hodge
1
, D Hofman
65
, S E Hollitt
102
, K Holt
6
,
D E Holz
75
, P Hopkins
91
, D J Hosken
102
, J Hough
36
,
E A Houston
36
, E J Howell
50
, Y M Hu
36
, S Huang
73
,
E A Huerta
103
,
82
, D Huet
23
, B Hughey
97
, S Husa
66
,
S H Huttner
36
, T Huynh-Dinh
6
, A Idrisy
72
, N Indik
8
,
D R Ingram
37
, R Inta
71
, H N Isa
36
, J-M Isac
59
, M Isi
1
,
G Islas
22
, T Isogai
10
, B R Iyer
15
, K Izumi
37
, T Jacqmin
59
,
H Jang
77
, K Jani
63
, P Jaranowski
104
, S Jawahar
105
,
F Jim ́enez-Forteza
66
, W W Johnson
2
, D I Jones
26
,
R Jones
36
, R J G Jonker
9
, L Ju
50
, Haris K
106
,
C V Kalaghatgi
24
,
91
, V Kalogera
82
, S Kandhasamy
21
,
G Kang
77
, J B Kanner
1
, S Karki
58
, M Kasprzack
2
,
23
,
34
,
E Katsavounidis
10
, W Katzman
6
, S Kaufer
17
, T Kaur
50
,
K Kawabe
37
, F Kawazoe
8
,
17
, F K ́ef ́elian
52
, M S Kehl
69
,
D Keitel
8
,
66
, D B Kelley
35
, W Kells
1
, R Kennedy
86
,
J S Key
85
, A Khalaidovski
8
, F Y Khalili
48
, I Khan
12
,
S Khan
91
, Z Khan
95
, E A Khazanov
107
, N Kijbunchoo
37
,
C Kim
77
, J Kim
108
, K Kim
109
, Nam-Gyu Kim
77
,
Namjun Kim
40
, Y-M Kim
108
, E J King
102
, P J King
37
,
D L Kinzel
6
, J S Kissel
37
, L Kleybolte
27
, S Klimenko
5
,
S M Koehlenbeck
8
, K Kokeyama
2
, S Koley
9
,
V Kondrashov
1
, A Kontos
10
, M Korobko
27
, W Z Korth
1
,
I Kowalska
60
, D B Kozak
1
, V Kringel
8
, B Krishnan
8
,
A Kr ́olak
110
,
111
, C Krueger
17
, G Kuehn
8
, P Kumar
69
,
L Kuo
73
, A Kutynia
110
, B D Lackey
35
, M Landry
37
,
J Lange
112
, B Lantz
40
, P D Lasky
113
, A Lazzarini
1
,
C Lazzaro
63
,
42
, P Leaci
29
,
79
,
28
, S Leavey
36
, E O Lebigot
30
,
70
,
C H Lee
108
, H K Lee
109
, H M Lee
114
, K Lee
36
, A Lenon
35
,
M Leonardi
89
,
90
, J R Leong
8
, N Leroy
23
, N Letendre
7
,
Y Levin
113
, B M Levine
37
, T G F Li
1
, A Libson
10
,
T B Littenberg
115
, N A Lockerbie
105
, J Logue
36
,
A L Lombardi
101
, J E Lord
35
, M Lorenzini
12
,
13
,
V Loriette
116
, M Lormand
6
, G Losurdo
57
, J D Lough
8
,
17
,
H L ̈uck
17
,
8
, A P Lundgren
8
, J Luo
78
, R Lynch
10
, Y Ma
50
,
T MacDonald
40
, B Machenschalk
8
, M MacInnis
10
,
D M Macleod
2
, F Maga ̃na-Sandoval
35
, R M Magee
55
,
M Mageswaran
1
, E Majorana
28
, I Maksimovic
116
,
V Malvezzi
25
,
13
, N Man
52
, I Mandel
44
, V Mandic
83
,
Noise characterization related to GW150914
4
V Mangano
36
, G L Mansell
20
, M Manske
16
, M Mantovani
34
,
F Marchesoni
117
,
33
, F Marion
7
, S M ́arka
39
, Z M ́arka
39
,
A S Markosyan
40
, E Maros
1
, F Martelli
56
,
57
, L Martellini
52
,
I W Martin
36
, R M Martin
5
, D V Martynov
1
, J N Marx
1
,
K Mason
10
, A Masserot
7
, T J Massinger
35
,
M Masso-Reid
36
, F Matichard
10
, L Matone
39
,
N Mavalvala
10
, N Mazumder
55
, G Mazzolo
8
,
R McCarthy
37
, D E McClelland
20
, S McCormick
6
,
S C McGuire
118
, G McIntyre
1
, J McIver
1
, D J McManus
20
,
S T McWilliams
103
, D Meacher
72
, G D Meadors
29
,
8
,
J Meidam
9
, A Melatos
84
, G Mendell
37
,
D Mendoza-Gandara
8
, R A Mercer
16
, E Merilh
37
,
M Merzougui
52
, S Meshkov
1
, C Messenger
36
, C Messick
72
,
P M Meyers
83
, F Mezzani
28
,
79
, H Miao
44
, C Michel
65
,
H Middleton
44
, E E Mikhailov
119
, L Milano
67
,
4
, J Miller
10
,
M Millhouse
31
, Y Minenkov
13
, J Ming
29
,
8
, S Mirshekari
120
,
C Mishra
15
, S Mitra
14
, V P Mitrofanov
48
,
G Mitselmakher
5
, R Mittleman
10
, A Moggi
19
, M Mohan
34
,
S R P Mohapatra
10
, M Montani
56
,
57
, B C Moore
88
,
C J Moore
121
, D Moraru
37
, G Moreno
37
, S R Morriss
85
,
K Mossavi
8
, B Mours
7
, C M Mow-Lowry
44
, C L Mueller
5
,
G Mueller
5
, A W Muir
91
, Arunava Mukherjee
15
,
D Mukherjee
16
, S Mukherjee
85
, N Mukund
14
, A Mullavey
6
,
J Munch
102
, D J Murphy
39
, P G Murray
36
, A Mytidis
5
,
I Nardecchia
25
,
13
, L Naticchioni
79
,
28
, R K Nayak
122
,
V Necula
5
, K Nedkova
101
, G Nelemans
51
,
9
, M Neri
45
,
46
,
A Neunzert
98
, G Newton
36
, T T Nguyen
20
, A B Nielsen
8
,
S Nissanke
51
,
9
, A Nitz
8
, F Nocera
34
, D Nolting
6
,
M E Normandin
85
, L K Nuttall
35
, J Oberling
37
,
E Ochsner
16
, J O’Dell
123
, E Oelker
10
, G H Ogin
124
,
J J Oh
125
, S H Oh
125
, F Ohme
91
, M Oliver
66
,
P Oppermann
8
, Richard J Oram
6
, B O’Reilly
6
,
R O’Shaughnessy
112
, D J Ottaway
102
, R S Ottens
5
,
H Overmier
6
, B J Owen
71
, A Pai
106
, S A Pai
47
,
J R Palamos
58
, O Palashov
107
, C Palomba
28
, A Pal-Singh
27
,
H Pan
73
, C Pankow
82
, F Pannarale
91
, B C Pant
47
,
F Paoletti
34
,
19
, A Paoli
34
, M A Papa
29
,
16
,
8
, H R Paris
40
,
W Parker
6
, D Pascucci
36
, A Pasqualetti
34
,
R Passaquieti
18
,
19
, D Passuello
19
, B Patricelli
18
,
19
,
Z Patrick
40
, B L Pearlstone
36
, M Pedraza
1
, R Pedurand
65
,
L Pekowsky
35
, A Pele
6
, S Penn
126
, A Perreca
1
, M Phelps
36
,
O Piccinni
79
,
28
, M Pichot
52
, F Piergiovanni
56
,
57
, V Pierro
87
,
G Pillant
34
, L Pinard
65
, I M Pinto
87
, M Pitkin
36
,
R Poggiani
18
,
19
, P Popolizio
34
, A Post
8
, J Powell
36
,
J Prasad
14
, V Predoi
91
, S S Premachandra
113
,
T Prestegard
83
, L R Price
1
, M Prijatelj
34
, M Principe
87
,
S Privitera
29
, G A Prodi
89
,
90
, L Prokhorov
48
, O Puncken
8
,
M Punturo
33
, P Puppo
28
, M P ̈urrer
29
, H Qi
16
, J Qin
50
,
V Quetschke
85
, E A Quintero
1
, R Quitzow-James
58
,
Noise characterization related to GW150914
5
F J Raab
37
, D S Rabeling
20
, H Radkins
37
, P Raffai
53
,
S Raja
47
, M Rakhmanov
85
, P Rapagnani
79
,
28
,
V Raymond
29
, M Razzano
18
,
19
, V Re
25
, J Read
22
,
C M Reed
37
, T Regimbau
52
, L Rei
46
, S Reid
49
,
D H Reitze
1
,
5
, H Rew
119
, S D Reyes
35
, F Ricci
79
,
28
,
K Riles
98
, N A Robertson
1
,
36
, R Robie
36
, F Robinet
23
,
A Rocchi
13
, L Rolland
7
, J G Rollins
1
, V J Roma
58
,
R Romano
3
,
4
, G Romanov
119
, J H Romie
6
, D Rosi ́nska
127
,
43
,
S Rowan
36
, A R ̈udiger
8
, P Ruggi
34
, K Ryan
37
, S Sachdev
1
,
T Sadecki
37
, L Sadeghian
16
, L Salconi
34
, M Saleem
106
,
F Salemi
8
, A Samajdar
122
, L Sammut
84
,
113
, E J Sanchez
1
,
V Sandberg
37
, B Sandeen
82
, J R Sanders
98
,
35
, B Sassolas
65
,
B S Sathyaprakash
91
, P R Saulson
35
, O Sauter
98
,
R L Savage
37
, A Sawadsky
17
, P Schale
58
, R Schilling
†
8
,
J Schmidt
8
, P Schmidt
1
,
76
, R Schnabel
27
,
R M S Schofield
58
, A Sch ̈onbeck
27
, E Schreiber
8
,
D Schuette
8
,
17
, B F Schutz
91
,
29
, J Scott
36
, S M Scott
20
,
D Sellers
6
, A S Sengupta
94
, D Sentenac
34
, V Sequino
25
,
13
,
A Sergeev
107
, G Serna
22
, Y Setyawati
51
,
9
, A Sevigny
37
,
D A Shaddock
20
, S Shah
51
,
9
, M S Shahriar
82
, M Shaltev
8
,
Z Shao
1
, B Shapiro
40
, P Shawhan
62
, A Sheperd
16
,
D H Shoemaker
10
, D M Shoemaker
63
, K Siellez
52
,
63
,
X Siemens
16
, D Sigg
37
, A D Silva
11
, D Simakov
8
, A Singer
1
,
L P Singer
68
, A Singh
29
,
8
, R Singh
2
, A Singhal
12
,
A M Sintes
66
, B J J Slagmolen
20
, J Slutsky
8
, J R Smith
22
,
N D Smith
1
, R J E Smith
1
, E J Son
125
, B Sorazu
36
,
F Sorrentino
46
, T Souradeep
14
, A K Srivastava
95
,
A Staley
39
, M Steinke
8
, J Steinlechner
36
, S Steinlechner
36
,
D Steinmeyer
8
,
17
, B C Stephens
16
, R Stone
85
, K A Strain
36
,
N Straniero
65
, G Stratta
56
,
57
, N A Strauss
78
, S Strigin
48
,
R Sturani
120
, A L Stuver
6
, T Z Summerscales
128
, L Sun
84
,
P J Sutton
91
, B L Swinkels
34
, M J Szczepa ́nczyk
97
,
M Tacca
30
, D Talukder
58
, D B Tanner
5
, M T ́apai
96
,
S P Tarabrin
8
, A Taracchini
29
, R Taylor
1
, T Theeg
8
,
M P Thirugnanasambandam
1
, E G Thomas
44
, M Thomas
6
,
P Thomas
37
, K A Thorne
6
, K S Thorne
76
, E Thrane
113
,
S Tiwari
12
, V Tiwari
91
, K V Tokmakov
105
, C Tomlinson
86
,
M Tonelli
18
,
19
, C V Torres
‡
85
, C I Torrie
1
, D T ̈oyr ̈a
44
,
F Travasso
32
,
33
, G Traylor
6
, D Trifir`o
21
, M C Tringali
89
,
90
,
L Trozzo
129
,
19
, M Tse
10
, M Turconi
52
, D Tuyenbayev
85
,
D Ugolini
130
, C S Unnikrishnan
99
, A L Urban
16
,
S A Usman
35
, H Vahlbruch
17
, G Vajente
1
, G Valdes
85
,
N van Bakel
9
, M van Beuzekom
9
, J F J van den Brand
61
,
9
,
C Van Den Broeck
9
, D C Vander-Hyde
35
,
22
,
L van der Schaaf
9
, J V van Heijningen
9
, A A van Veggel
36
,
M Vardaro
41
,
42
, S Vass
1
, M Vas ́uth
38
, R Vaulin
10
,
A Vecchio
44
, G Vedovato
42
, J Veitch
44
, P J Veitch
102
,
K Venkateswara
131
, D Verkindt
7
, F Vetrano
56
,
57
,
A Vicer ́e
56
,
57
, S Vinciguerra
44
, D J Vine
49
, J-Y Vinet
52
,
Noise characterization related to GW150914
6
S Vitale
10
, T Vo
35
, H Vocca
32
,
33
, C Vorvick
37
, D Voss
5
,
W D Vousden
44
, S P Vyatchanin
48
, A R Wade
20
,
L E Wade
132
, M Wade
132
, M Walker
2
, L Wallace
1
,
S Walsh
16
,
8
,
29
, G Wang
12
, H Wang
44
, M Wang
44
, X Wang
70
,
Y Wang
50
, R L Ward
20
, J Warner
37
, M Was
7
, B Weaver
37
,
L-W Wei
52
, M Weinert
8
, A J Weinstein
1
, R Weiss
10
,
T Welborn
6
, L Wen
50
, P Weßels
8
, T Westphal
8
, K Wette
8
,
J T Whelan
112
,
8
, S Whitcomb
1
, D J White
86
, B F Whiting
5
,
R D Williams
1
, A R Williamson
91
, J L Willis
133
,
B Willke
17
,
8
, M H Wimmer
8
,
17
, W Winkler
8
, C C Wipf
1
,
H Wittel
8
,
17
, G Woan
36
, J Worden
37
, J L Wright
36
, G Wu
6
,
J Yablon
82
, W Yam
10
, H Yamamoto
1
, C C Yancey
62
,
M J Yap
20
, H Yu
10
, M Yvert
7
, A Zadro ̇zny
110
,
L Zangrando
42
, M Zanolin
97
, J-P Zendri
42
, M Zevin
82
,
F Zhang
10
, L Zhang
1
, M Zhang
119
, Y Zhang
112
, C Zhao
50
,
M Zhou
82
, Z Zhou
82
, X J Zhu
50
, N Zotov
]
134
M E Zucker
1
,
10
, S E Zuraw
101
, and J Zweizig
1
(LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration)
†
Deceased, May 2015.
‡
Deceased, March 2015.
]
Deceased, May 2012.
1
LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
2
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
3
Universit`a di Salerno, Fisciano, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
4
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126
Napoli, Italy
5
University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
6
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
7
Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Universit ́e
Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
8
Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut f ̈ur Gravitationsphysik, D-30167
Hannover, Germany
9
Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
10
LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
11
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 S ̃ao Jos ́e dos Campos,
S ̃ao Paulo, Brazil
12
INFN, Gran Sasso Science Institute, I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
13
INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
14
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
15
International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental
Research, Bangalore 560012, India
16
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
17
Leibniz Universit ̈at Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
18
Universit`a di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
19
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
20
Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200,
Australia
21
The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
22
California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
23
LAL, Universit ́e Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Universit ́e Paris-Saclay, 91400
Orsay, France
24
Chennai Mathematical Institute, Chennai 603103, India
25
Universit`a di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
26
University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
27
Universit ̈at Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
28
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
29
Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut f ̈ur Gravitationsphysik, D-14476
Potsdam-Golm, Germany
Noise characterization related to GW150914
7
30
APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Universit ́e Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3,
CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cit ́e, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13,
France
31
Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
32
Universit`a di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
33
INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
34
European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
35
Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
36
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
37
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
38
Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Mikl ́os ́ut 29-33,
Hungary
39
Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
40
Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
41
Universit`a di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova,
Italy
42
INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
43
CAMK-PAN, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
44
University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
45
Universit`a degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
46
INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
47
RRCAT, Indore MP 452013, India
48
Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991,
Russia
49
SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
50
University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
51
Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500 GL
Nijmegen, Netherlands
52
Artemis, Universit ́e Cˆote d’Azur, CNRS, Observatoire Cˆote d’Azur, CS 34229,
Nice cedex 4, France
53
MTA E ̈otv ̈os University, “Lendulet” Astrophysics Research Group, Budapest
1117, Hungary
54
Institut de Physique de Rennes, CNRS, Universit ́e de Rennes 1, F-35042
Rennes, France
55
Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
56
Universit`a degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo,” I-61029 Urbino, Italy
57
INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
58
University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
59
Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit ́es, CNRS, ENS-PSL
Research University, Coll`ege de France, F-75005 Paris, France
60
Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
61
VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
62
University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
63
Center for Relativistic Astrophysics and School of Physics, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
64
Institut Lumi`ere Mati`ere, Universit ́e de Lyon, Universit ́e Claude Bernard
Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5306, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
65
Laboratoire des Mat ́eriaux Avanc ́es (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Universit ́e de
Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
66
Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3—IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca,
Spain
67
Universit`a di Napoli “Federico II,” Complesso Universitario di Monte
S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
68
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
69
Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto,
Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H8, Canada
70
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
71
Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
72
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
73
National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of
China
Noise characterization related to GW150914
8
74
Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia
75
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
76
Caltech CaRT, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
77
Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806,
Korea
78
Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA
79
Universit`a di Roma “La Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy
80
University of Brussels, Brussels 1050, Belgium
81
Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, USA
82
Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
83
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
84
The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
85
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
86
The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
87
University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN,
Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
88
Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
89
Universit`a di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
90
INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123
Povo, Trento, Italy
91
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
92
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo
181-8588, Japan
93
School of Mathematics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United
Kingdom
94
Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar Ahmedabad Gujarat 382424,
India
95
Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
96
University of Szeged, D ́om t ́er 9, Szeged 6720, Hungary
97
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, AZ 86301, USA
98
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
99
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
100
American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA
101
University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
102
University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
103
West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
104
University of Bia lystok, 15-424 Bia lystok, Poland
105
SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
106
IISER-TVM, CET Campus, Trivandrum Kerala 695016, India
107
Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
108
Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
109
Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
110
NCBJ, 05-400
́
Swierk-Otwock, Poland
111
IM-PAN, 00-956 Warsaw, Poland
112
Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
113
Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
114
Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
115
University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
116
ESPCI, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
117
Universit`a di Camerino, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
118
Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
119
College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA
120
Instituto de F ́ısica Te ́orica, University Estadual Paulista/ICTP South
American Institute for Fundamental Research, S ̃ao Paulo SP 01140-070, Brazil
121
University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
122
IISER-Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741252, India
123
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, HSIC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX,
United Kingdom
124
Whitman College, 345 Boyer Avenue, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA
125
National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 305-390, Korea
126
Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
Noise characterization related to GW150914
9
127
Janusz Gil Institute of Astronomy, University of Zielona G ́ora, 65-265 Zielona
G ́ora, Poland
128
Andrews University, Berrien Springs, MI 49104, USA
129
Universit`a di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
130
Trinity University, San Antonio, TX 78212, USA
131
University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
132
Kenyon College, Gambier, OH 43022, USA
133
Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX 79699, USA
134
Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA
Abstract.
On September 14, 2015, a gravitational wave signal from a coalescing black
hole binary system was observed by the Advanced LIGO detectors. This paper
describes the transient noise backgrounds used to determine the significance of
the event (designated GW150914) and presents the results of investigations into
potential correlated or uncorrelated sources of transient noise in the detectors
around the time of the event. The detectors were operating nominally at the time
of GW150914. We have ruled out environmental influences and non-Gaussian
instrument noise at either LIGO detector as the cause of the observed gravitational
wave signal.