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Results
Device geometry and light modulation mechanism
Substrate geometry optimization
Theoretical modulation of coupled structure
Figure™1Device and working mechanism.(a) Schematic of the graphene plasmonic ribbons (GPRs) coupled to subwavelength metallic slit array. Under normal operation (that is, no GPRs), transverse magnetic (TM) polarized incoming light induces surface plasmons
Figure™2Graphene plasmonic ribbons.(a) The red line indicates absorption in the bare graphene plasmonic ribbons (GPRs) device depending on the SiNx thickness (tSiNx) with the graphene Fermi level position EF=-0.465thinspeV. The blue, yellow and purple lin
Figure™3Coupled structure simulations.(a) Transmittance map exhibiting graphene plasmon (GP) absorption and extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) as a function of frequency and graphene Fermi level (EF). (b-e) Total electric field distributions when tu
Mid-infrared transmission measurement
Figure™4Experimental results.(a) Measured transmission spectra and (b) modulation efficiency (eegrT) of the bare graphene plasmonic ribbons (GPRs) device for varying graphene Fermi level EF (or gate voltage Vg). (c) Measured transmission spectra and (d) m
Discussion
Figure™5Numerical aperture effect.Simulation results demonstrating the effect of a broad angular distribution of incoming light. Dotted lines (left axis): transmission spectra of the subwavelength metallic slit array with different incident angles (thetai
Methods
Material modelling in simulation
CVD graphene growth
Sample fabrication
Data availability
Alonso-GonzálezP.Controlling graphene plasmons with resonant metal antennas and spatial conductivity patternsScience344136913732014ChenJ.Optical nano-imaging of gate-tunable graphene plasmonsNature48777812012FeiZ.Gate-tuning of graphene plasmons revealed
This work was supported by US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science grant DE-FG02-07ER46405 (S.K. and H.A.A.), and by the Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative Grant, Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI, grant no. FA9550-12-1-04
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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