CaltechAUTHORS
Published July 2025 | Version Published
Journal Article Open

CHEX-MATE: Exploring the kinematical properties of Planck galaxy clusters

Creators

  • 1. ROR icon University of Milano-Bicocca
  • 2. ROR icon Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
  • 3. ROR icon University of La Laguna
  • 4. INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, I-40129, Bologna, Italy
  • 5. ROR icon INFN Sezione di Bologna
  • 6. ROR icon University of Naples Federico II
  • 7. ROR icon Lagrange Laboratory
  • 8. ROR icon University of Paris
  • 9. ROR icon Michigan State University
  • 10. ROR icon Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Milano
  • 11. ROR icon Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
  • 12. ROR icon Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris
  • 13. ROR icon University of Atacama
  • 14. Millennium Nucleus for Galaxies (MINGAL), Valparaíso, Chile
  • 15. ROR icon University of Manchester
  • 16. ROR icon Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
  • 17. ROR icon University of Bristol
  • 18. ROR icon Research Institute in Astrophysics and Planetology
  • 19. ROR icon Trieste Astronomical Observatory
  • 20. ROR icon Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe
  • 21. ROR icon University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
  • 22. ROR icon Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
  • 23. ROR icon California Institute of Technology

Abstract

We analysed the kinematical properties of the CHEX-MATE galaxy cluster sample. Our study is based on the radial velocities retrieved from the SDSS DR18, DESI, and NED spectroscopic databases and new data obtained with the 10.4 m GTC and ESO-NTT telescopes. We derived cluster mass profiles for 75 clusters using the MG-MAMPOSST procedure, which recovers the gravitational potential and the anisotropy profiles from line-of-sight velocities and projected positions of galaxy members. The standard Navarro–Frenk–White (NFW) model and the Burkert model, with flatter cores than the NFW, both adequately fit the kinematic data, with only a marginal statistical preference for one model over the other. An estimation of the mass bias (1−B1) = M500SZ/M500M was performed via a comparison with Sunyaev-Zel’dovich–X-ray-calibrated mass estimates, resulting in a value of 0.54 ± 0.11 when four evidently disturbed clusters are removed from the sample. We assessed the dynamical state of the clusters by inferring the Anderson-Darling coefficient (A2) and the fraction of galaxies in substructures (fsub). Except for a few cases, we find relatively low values for A2, which suggests that CHEX-MATE clusters are not too far from relaxation. Moreover, no significant trends emerge between A2 and  fsub, nor between the log-masses estimated by MG-MAMPOSST and those based on the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect calibrated through X-rays measurements. We studied the concentration–mass relation for the sample; despite the large scatter, we observe signs of an increasing trend for high-mass clusters, in agreement with recent theoretical expectations. Finally, our analysis of the radial anisotropy profiles of member galaxies – stacked in five bins of mass and redshift – reveals that orbits tend to be isotropic at the centre and more radial towards the edge, as found in previous studies. A slight trend of increasing radial orbits at r200 is observed in clusters with larger velocity dispersions.

Copyright and License

© The Authors 2025. Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Acknowledgement

This project has been partially funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades through the programme Generación del Concimiento 2021, with code PID2021-122665OB-I00. R. Barrena acknowledges support by the Severo Ochoa 2020 research programme of the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias. S.E., M.S., acknowledge the financial contribution from the contracts Prin-MUR 2022 supported by Next Generation EU (M4.C2.1.1, n.20227RNLY3 The concordance cosmological model: stress-tests with galaxy clusters). M.S. acknowledges financial contributions from INAF Theory Grant 2023: Gravitational lensing detection of matter distribution at galaxy cluster boundaries and beyond (1.05.23.06.17). S.E. acknowledges the financial contribution from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Programme under the AHEAD2020 project (grant agreement n. 871158). DE acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through grant agreement 200021_212576. C.P.H. acknowledges support from ANID through Fondecyt Regular project number 1252233, and from MILENIO - NCN2024_112. JS was supported by NASA Astrophysics Data Analysis Program (ADAP) Grant 80NSSC21K1571. BJM acknowledges support from Science and Technology Facilities Council grants ST/V000454/1 and ST/Y002008/1. GWP acknowledges long-term support from CNES, the French space agency. GC acknowledges the support from the Next Generation EU funds within the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR), Mission 4 – Education and Research, Component 2 – From Research to Business (M4C2), Investment Line 3.1 – Strengthening and creation of Research Infrastructures, Project IR0000012 – “CTA+ – Cherenkov Telescope Array Plus”. MD acknowledges the support of two NASA programs: NASA award 80NSSC19K0116/ SAO subaward SV9-89010 and NASA award 80NSSC 22K0476.

Additional Information

Based in part on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory under ESO programmes 0110.A-4192 and 0111.1-0186.

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Additional details

Related works

Is new version of
Discussion Paper: arXiv:2505.03708 (arXiv)

Funding

Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
PID2021-122665OB-I00
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Severo Ochoa 2020
Prin-MUR 2022
M4.C2.1.1, n.20227RNLY3
INAF
1.05.23.06.17
European Research Council
AHEAD2020 871158
Swiss National Science Foundation
200021_212576
Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo
1252233
MILENIO
NCN2024_112
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
80NSSC21K1571
Science and Technology Facilities Council
ST/V000454/1
Science and Technology Facilities Council
ST/Y002008/1
Centre National d'Études Spatiales
NextGenerationEU
PNRR - Mission 4 - Project IR0000012
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
80NSSC19K0116
Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
SV9-89010
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
80NSSC 22K0476

Dates

Accepted
2025-05-23
Available
2025-07-02
Published online

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Caltech groups
Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy (PMA)
Publication Status
Published