Synthesis of the Elements in Stars

Creators: Burbidge, E. Margaret; Burbidge, G. R.; Fowler, William A.; Hoyle, F.

Abstract

Man inhabits a universe composed of a great variety of elements and their isotopes. In Table I,1 a count of the stable and radioactive elements and isotopes is listed. Ninety elements are found terrestrially and one more, technetium, is found in stars; only promethium has not been found in nature.

Additional Information

© 1957 American Physical Society. Supported in part by the joint program of the Office of Naval Research and the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. This work would not have been possible without the help, advice, and criticism of a host of physicists and astronomers. Much unpublished information from many workers has been incorporated into the body of the paper. We are deeply indebted to the following: L. H. Aller, Walter Baade, Rosemary Barrett, W. P. Bidelman, R. F. Christy, G. Dessauer, H. Diamond, Leo Goldberg, J. L. Greenstein, J. A. Harvey, C. Hayashi, R. E. Hester, J. R. Huizenga, R. W. Kavanagh, W. A. S. Lamb, C. C. Lauritsen, T. Lauritsen, N.H. Lazar, W. S. Lyon, R. L. Macklin, P. W. Merrill, R. E. Meyerott, W. Miller, R. Minkowski, F. S. Mozer, Guido Münch, D. E. Osterbrock, R. E. Pixley, A. Pogo, E. E. Salpeter, Allan Sandage, Maarten Schmidt, N. Tanner, Stanley Thompson, and R. Tuttle. One of the authors (WAF) is grateful for a Fulbright Lectureship and Guggenheim Fellowship at the University of Cambridge in 1954-1955 at which time the studies resulting in this paper were begun. We also wish to thank Evaline Gibbs and Jan Cooper for typing a difficult manuscript with their usual consummate skill.

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